一体化：美国主流电视媒体的选择

【作者】 胡华龙；

【导师】 许永；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 新闻学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 2003年3月爆发的伊拉克战争同越南战争一样，成为一场“起居室内的战争”。电视记者的无处不在使得战争在变得空前透明的同时，也使得战争的真相变得扑朔迷离。各家电视台演绎着不同版本的“战争故事”。但是，一向以“第四阶级”自称、以独立自由为旗帜的美国电视媒体却丝毫不见越南战争中与政府对抗的自由主义传统，抛弃了客观公正、反映事实的立场，竟然和政府立场一致，口径一致，成为政府和军方的宣传工具。德国一家媒体研究机构将此次美国主流媒体一边倒的现象称为“一体化”。本文通过对美国新闻自由的传统及其理论来源、媒介产业化进入“媒体寡头”阶段意见市场的垄断、进入二十世纪以来美国主流媒体的表现、执政共和党的指导理论对主流意识形态的影响、美国的国民性以及9·11之后美国特殊的社会心理对美国政策、媒介产生的影响等方面进行剖析，从传播学、文化学、政治学角度进行考察研究，指出“一体化”背后不仅仅是政府、经济等显性因素在起作用，更有意识形态、社会心理等诸多因素在发挥着“看不见的手”的作用。最终得出结论；所谓美国媒体对抗政府的说法只是神话，走向“一体化”是市场条件下美国主流电视媒体在诸多约束条件下的选择。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Iraq war broke out in March 2003 became "living-room war" as well as the Vietnam War. The ubiquitous reporters made the war translucent. On the other hand, the truth of the war was also out of focus. There were so many "war stories" that people cannot find the fact. During the war, American media which once called them "the fourth grade" , now became tool of American government and army. They once had independence and freedom as its flag, they once had anti-government tradition. But now they threw impersonality and impartiality over, put honesty and justness away. They stood on the government and army side. An institute of Germany called this phenomenon "integration". What does this phenomenon account for? The article analyses American media market and points out that "media oligarch" had become the master of the media. The article also analyses politic structure of American, points out since the Republic party came into power, the polestar of the party had been accepted by many people. Last, the article analyses American social psychology, points out that religion factor also had effect on "integration". The conclusion of the article is that American media is one member of gerentocratic. It was a myth that American media counterwork government. The media had so many obligations that they had to choose "integration".更多还原