航运竞争立法若干问题研究

【作者】 张敏；

【导师】 於世成；

【作者基本信息】 上海海事大学 ， 国际法， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 科学、完善的航运市场法律体系是航运业健康、有序发展的重要保障，而航运竞争法在航运市场法律体系中又处于核心地位。航运业自身的特点及其对一国国民经济、社会发展和国防安全的重要性客观上要求国家对航运竞争法律制度作出特殊安排。本文从航运业的特点和我国航运市场发展的现状出发，结合竞争法基础理论的研究成果以及国外航运竞争立法的有益经验，以班轮运输市场为重点考察对象，对航运竞争立法目标模式的选择及反限制航运竞争、反限制航运竞争豁免和反不正当航运竞争法律制度的构建等问题进行了较为深入的探讨。根据上述思路，本文对引言、正文和结论作如下安排： 引言部分主要介绍了本文的研究目的以及所要解决的问题。 第一章主要对航运竞争法作一般概述，分析了航运竞争法与一般竞争法的关系、航运竞争法律关系的构成以及航运竞争法律体系的构成。 第二章介绍了国内外航运竞争法的发展概况，对欧盟、美国航运竞争法的规定以及联合国贸发会议、经济合作发展组织、世界贸易组织在相关领域所做的研究进行分析总结，指出目前我国在航运竞争立法方面的差距和不足。 第三章是本文的核心部分，主要从经济学的角度，结合竞争法基础理论的研究成果及航运市场自身的特点，探讨我国航运竞争立法应确定的目标模式，指出我国航运竞争立法应以维护公平、自由的航运竞争，促进航运产业集中，以及确保船货双方共享寡头垄断航运市场所带来的经济效率为目标模式。在这一目标模式下，航运竞争法应当重点规制航运市场的竞争行为，尤其是限制竞争行为和不正当竞争行为，而不要过多干涉航运市场的寡头垄断结构。另外，航运业自身的特点决定了法律有必要对某些限制航运竞争的行为作出特殊规定，即在满足一定条件和履行特定义务的前提下，某些限制航运竞争的行为可以享受反限制航运竞争豁免。 第四章在竞争法一般理论的基础上，围绕航运领域的垄断力滥用和交易优势地位滥用、横向限制和纵向限制、企业结合和市场集中以及行政限制竞争等问题，对反限制航运竞争法律制度进行论述。 第五章结合航运业的自身特点，以班轮公会协议及行为、联营体协议及行为、忠诚契约、服务合同等为重点讨论对象，对反限制航运竞争豁免制度进行论述。 第六章主要论述了反不正当航运竞争法律制度的构建。 第七章结合起草中的《航运法》，对当前我国航运竞争立法应注意的问题进行了硕卜学位论文:航运竞争立法若十问题研究总结，并对如何解决这些问题提出了几点建议。结论部分在总结全文的基础_L，进一步阐述了本文的观点及研究意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 A rational and ideal regulatory regime underlied with competition law applying to shipping is of significance to ensure the sound and orderly development of the shipping industry. The shipping industry is unique in comparison with other industries in several aspects and has great influence on national economy, social development and national defence. Therefore, it requires special treatment under competition law. Based on the theoretical research on competition law and foreign legislation governing shipping competition, this dissertation, considering the characteristics of the shipping industry and the current state of China’ s shipping market, discusses in depth several issues on the determination of the objectives for legislation governing shipping competition and the designing of the regulatory regime covering rules of anti-trust, anti-trust exemptions and anti unfairness in liner shipping competition. In light of the above contents, this dissertation consists of three parts including the introduction, the text and the conclusions arranged as follows:The introduction presents the purpose of this dissertation and the issues to be discussed.Chapter 1 outlines competition law applying to shipping, analyzes the relation between general competition law and competition law applying to shipping, and also defines legal relations arising from shipping competition and the regulatory regime governing shipping competition.Chapter 2 introduces different regulatory regimes governing shipping competition both at home and abroad. Among them, the EU and US regulatory regimes are highlighted, and the attitudes toward regulation of shipping markets held by the UNCTAD, OECD and WTO are reviewed. And this chapter also points out the need to improve legislation governing shipping competition in China.Chapter 3 serves as the core of this dissertation. Based on the theoretical research on competition law and the characteristics of the shipping industry, this chapter, from the point of economies, probes into the determination of the objectives for legislation governing shipping competition and defines the objectivesas upholding fair and free competition in shipping markets, promoting the concentration of the shipping industry and ensuring win-win relations between shippers and carriers in shipping markets of oligopoly structure. To obtain the above objectives, the regulatory regime governing shipping competition shall be designed to regulate competition activities instead .of the oligopoly strcture of shipping markets. In addition, the uniqueness of the shipping industry requires special treatment under competition law, that is, some restrictive acts may be exempted from anti-trust rules as long as specific conditions are satisfied and prescribed obligations performed.Chapter 4 discusses anti-trust rules governing shipping competition based on general theories of competition law. Such issues as abuse of monopoly power and dominant position, horizontal and vertical restriction, merger and acquisition, concentration of the market as well as administrative monopoly are discussed in this chapter.Chapter 5 discusses anti-trust exemptions granted to conferences, consortia, loyalty contracts and service contracts based on the characteristics of the shipping industry.Chapter 6 discusses rules of anti-unfairness in shipping competition.Chapter 7 points out several issues that shall be paid attention to in legislation regarding shipping competition in China and brings forward several recommendations to these issues.The conclusions summarize the whole dissertation and further clarify the viewpoints held by the author.更多还原