【作者】 李英；

【导师】 张晓辉；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 我国设施农业发展迅速,但因温室内光照不足、长期密闭、高温高湿、加之缺少天敌,易诱发病虫害。而目前我国温室内没有专用植保机械,大都照搬传统的、露天防治方法,应用最广的仍为手动背负式喷雾器,这种喷雾法施药技术粗放,农药浪费现象严重、作业幅宽窄、射程近,并且劳动强度大、工效低,最大的危害就是操作者须在密闭的空间内喷药,极易发生中毒事件,因而产生了研究操作者不进入温室内进行喷药的方法和相应机具的要求。基于上述情况,本研究设计开发了温室型电动弥雾机,并对其弥雾性能进行了测试。根据采用先进施药技术的要求,本研究的设计内容主要有:⑴ 采用气液两相流喷雾技术,基于气力雾化原理,设计双流体喷头;⑵ 采用辅助气流输送雾滴,气流源为风机,对风机进行设计、选型;⑶ 为满足不同作物、不同栽培情况及提高雾滴分布均匀性、沉积性的施药要求,设计能带动喷射部件在一定角度内、以一定转速的旋转摇摆机构,本研究选用调速电机调节其摇摆速度,并利用反向行程开关调节其摇摆角度;⑷ 为满足不同高度作物、不同射程的施药要求,设计能调节喷射部件高度的升降机构,这里选用气缸为主要构件,既可以起到整机支架的作用,又可方便进行升降、固定控制;⑸ 设计行程开关的控制电路以及整机的控制系统。温室型电动弥雾机的样机试制完成后,依据国家标准,本文对整机的性能进行了全面测试。经测试,该机防治效果好、操作方便、可靠性强及安全防护措施完善等,喷头高度调节机构、喷射部件摆动速度及角度调节机构均达到了设计要求,而且性能可靠;工作人员只需开启电源,即可实现自动喷雾,大大解放了劳动力,尤其是解决了人药密切接触而引发中毒的问题;该机用药量少,既省药又大大减轻了环境污染,所测各项指标优于标准规定,达到了设计要求。试验结果表明:该机采用双流体气力式喷头,且存在风机气流二次雾<WP=8>化现象,所测得的雾滴体积中径90%以上在100μm之内,雾滴均匀度DR为0.76,说明该机具有较理想的雾化性能;采用风机气流辅助输送雾滴,在弥雾机喷幅内,雾滴有较好的沉积,经测试其平均沉积密度为25个/平方厘米,大于10～20个/平方厘米的植保要求。试验结果表明,喷雾量随气体压力的增大而增大,雾滴直径则随气体压力的增大而出现减小趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 The greenhouse agriculture of our country is rapidly expanding,but it easily arises diseases and insect pests by reason of the limited daylight illumination, perennial close, high temperature , high humidity and few natural enemy etc.. There is no special protection machinery in our greenhouse, now most of the used machinery is the hand sprayer, this type of sprayer has many disadvantages such as the badly waste of pesticide, the serious environment pollution, the narrow working width, the near spray range, and dissipation of the human power, lower efficiency etc.. Of all the limitations, most severe harm is manipulator’s poisoning because of spraying in the close greenhouse. So it is very necessary to study the technology of spraying with the manipulator out of the greenhouse and the corresponding machine. According to the request of adopting advanced technology, the main designing has such contents as below:⑴ Designing the two-fluid nozzle that is based on the theory of air-atomize spraying.⑵ Designing and choosing the type of the axial fan that is used to supply assisted airflow to waft droplets that comes from nozzle.⑶ Designing the swaying outfit that can rotate the spray assembly at a speed and inside a angle in order to satisfy the spray request of different crops, different planting states and improve the uniformity of distribution, the deposition of droplet. Here, we select TYV type reduction gear motor to adjust the swaying speed and use course switch to adjust the swaying angle.⑷ Designing the lift outfit that can adjust the height of the spray assembly to satisfy the request of the crops of different tallness, different spraying range. Here, we select cylinder as the main component that can be <WP=10>used as kickstand and controlled easily.⑸ Designing the switch of the power supply that is put out of the greenhouse in order to prevent worker from poisoning. After the mist sprayer being made, the experiment is made to test the function of the greenhouse mist sprayer fully.By test, this sprayer has good effect of against pests, easy operating, good dependability, better security and so on. Nozzle height adjustment system, spray union rotating system and spray union speed and angle adjustment equipment reach design requests and also have high work dependability; the only thing what operator needs to do is switch the sprayer, then the sprayer will work automatically, so releases much work of labors, especially solves the problem of directly touching with pesticide and causing human being poisoned; this type sprayer use less pesticide, so it not only saves pesticide but also reduces pollution, every tested index is better than criteria, realizes design requests.The experiment result show that 90% of all volume median diameter of the greenhouse mist sprayer is under 100μm because of using the twin fluid air–blast nozzle and the twice-atomizing, the droplet has a better deposition and distribution in the spray width. The even density of droplets from experiment is 25 granule/cm2, it is 10 times of the hand-sprayer. In addition, the test illuminate that when the gas pressure is augmenting, the droplet size minishes, where the spraying rate aggrandizes.更多还原