【作者】 高俊杰；

【导师】 于贤昌；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以厚皮甜瓜鲁厚甜1号为试验材料，采用蛭石：草炭：烘干鸡粪为3：2：1的有机基质配方和自制简易有机基质型无土栽培土槽(槽的纵切面为等腰梯形，上口宽35cm下口宽25cm，高25cm)，参考前人研究数据：化肥中养分的吸收率氮是60％，磷是30％，钾是70％，设4个施肥处理：T1，只用有机基质栽培，不追施无机化肥；T2，化肥施用量=(甜瓜目标产量需肥量-有机基质中速效养分量)÷化肥中养分吸收率；T3，化肥施用量=(1.5倍甜瓜目标产量需肥量-有机基质中速效养分量)÷化肥中养分吸收率；T4，化肥施用量=(2倍甜瓜目标产量需肥量-有机基质中速效养分量)÷化肥中养分吸收率，对有机基质型无土栽培甜瓜的施肥效应进行了研究。研究表明： 1．施肥对甜瓜营养器官生长影响不大。随施肥量增加，甜瓜的株高、茎粗、叶片数和最大叶面积差异不大。 2．追施适量化肥可有效提高甜瓜光合速率和根系活力。施肥处理甜瓜光合速率均较不施肥处理为高，伸蔓期T2、T4和T3三者之间光合速率差异不大，但开花期以T2为最高，与T1存在显著差异；伸蔓期根系活力T2、T3和T1均较T4有明显增强。 3．适量施用化肥可有效改善有机基质型无土栽培甜瓜果实品质。果实可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均显著高于不施化肥处理。施肥对果实维生素C含量影响不大；但过量施用化肥会引起果实硝酸盐含量显著升高，糖度下降，降低品质，如T4和T3果实硝酸盐含量显著高于T2，糖度则明显低于T2。 4．适量施用化肥可显著提高甜瓜果实产量。施用化肥的三个处理产量均较不施化肥的T1有明显增加。春茬栽培中，以T2产量为最高，每667m~2产量达2513kg，较不施化肥的T1增产16.6％，与施肥量较多的T3和T4相比也有极显著增产效果；秋茬栽培中，以T3产量为最高，每667m~2产量1573kg，较不施化肥的T1增产14.3％，与T2和T4相比也有极显著增产效果。 5。施用化肥可促进甜瓜营养器官对养分的吸收。甜瓜营养器官N、P、K养分吸收量随施肥量增大而增大，且各处理间差异显著；果实中养分吸有机基质型无土栽培甜瓜化肥施用效应的研究收量则与产量结果成正相关。 6.施用化肥能够影响甜瓜对有机基质中养分的利用率。春茬栽培中，TZ能够提高有机基质中养分利用率，但化肥用量过多，基质中养分利用率下降。T1基质中全N、全P和全K的利用率分别为18.62%、n.70%和17.8%。 7.施用化肥能够影响基质迟效养分向速效养分的转化和释放，适量施用化肥可促进基质中迟效养分向速效养分的转化和释放，化肥施用过多，基质中迟效养分向速效养分的转化和释放量反而减少。咒基质迟效N、迟效P和迟效K向速效养分的转化和释放量分别是原有速效养分量的1.487倍、2.18倍和0.23倍。 8.确定有机基质型无土栽培甜瓜较佳施肥量计算方法是:春茬为:化肥用量=(甜瓜目标产量需肥量一有机基质中速效养分量)/化肥中养分吸收率(N为60%、P为3既、K为7既);秋茬为:化肥用量=(l .5倍甜瓜目标产量需肥量一有机基质中速效养分量)/化肥中养分吸收率。这一结果为有机基质型无土栽培甜瓜提供了科学施肥的技术指标。 9.试验结果表明:形成鲜重为10OKg甜瓜果实，植株需从基质中吸收氮3479，磷2379，钾3679;氮磷钾的吸收比例是1:0.68:1.06。更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of different amount of fertilization on yield and quality in muskmelon was studied in this experiment. The composition of organic substrates was vermiculite, peat and chicken muck at a ratio of 3:2:1. The Muskmelon were planted in self-made simple grooves (the vertical section of the groove was isosceles trapezoid, the width of the upper side was 35 cm, and the bottom was 25 cm, the height was 25 cm). According to the previous data that the absorption of nitrogen was 60% of that applied, phosphorus 30% and potassium 70%, there were four treatments in this study: Treatment 1, supplied with organic substrates only and without inorganic fertilizer; Treatment 2, the fertilization amount =(the fertilize amount needed for desire output- fertilization on content of quick-acting nutrients in organic substrates)/ nutrients uptake ratio; Treatment 3, the fertilization amount =(1.5 fertilize amount needed for desire output-fertilization on content of quick-acting nutrients in organic substrates)/ nutrients uptake ratio; Treatment 4, the fertilization amount =(2 fertilize amount needed for desire output- fertilization on content of quick-acting nutrients in organic substrates)/ nutrients uptake ratio. The results were as follows:1. The fertilization had no influence on the growth of the muskmelon. The heights, numbers of leaves and the maximal area of leaves of muskmelon had no significant differences among the different treatments.2. The photosynthetic rate of muskmelon leaves and the activity of the muskmelon roots could be improved by supplying inorganic fertilizer. The photosynthetic rate of muskmelon leaves treated with optimal fertilizer was higher than that without fertilizer supply. During the sprout extending stage, the photosynthetic rate of muskmelon increased with fertilization increase. During flowering stage, the photosynthetic rate of muskmelon in treatment 2 was the highest. The activity of the melon roots in treatment 2, treatment 3, and treatment 1 had distinct increase than that in treatment 4.3. The quality of the fruit of muskmelon cultured with organic substrates and proper fertilizer could be improved. The soluble sugar and soluble protein in the fruits of plants treated with fertilizer were higher than those with no fertilizer supplication, The content of vitamin C in fruits had no significant differences among different treatments. But too much fertilizer application could increase the content of nitrate while the index of the sugar decreased.4. The yield of the melon could be increased obviously with proper fertilizer application. The yield treated with fertilizer was higher than that with no fertilizer supplication. If cultivation was in spring, the yield in treatment 2 was the highest. The yield of per 667m2 is 2513kg , and had significant increase than the other treatments. If cultivation was in autumn, the yield in treatment 3 was the highest. The yield of per 667m2 was 1573kg , and had significant increase than the other treatments.5. Proper fertilizer application would promote absorption of the nutrition in nutrition organ. The more fertilizer applied, the more absorption of N, P, and K in the nutrition organ. The differences between treatments were significant. The absorption in the fruits was positively correlated to the yield.6. The utilization rate of the nutrition could be improved with proper fertilizer application. But if the fertilizer is excessive, the utilization rate of the nutrition in substrates is descended.7. The fertilization could influence the conversion of the slow-acting fertilizer to the quick-acting one in the substrates. But if the fertilizer is excessive, the above conversion could be cut down. In treatment 2, the release of slow-actingN, P and K in the substrates is 1.487, 2.18 and 0.23 times than inherent amount of quick-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.8.In the spring culture, the best fertilization scheme is treatment 2. In theautumn culture, the best one is treatment 3.9.The requirement of NPK were 347更多还原