论转轨时期的经济伦理变异

【作者】 张林；

【导师】 王相敏；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 政治经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 中国正处于从传统的计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转轨的重要时期，体制转轨不仅带来了政治、经济、文化的变革，同时也使人们的经济伦理发生了深刻变化。新旧道德观的激烈冲突必然会导致道德秩序混乱，经济生活中的“越轨”和“失范”现象也应运而生。为保证社会经济有序、渐进和可控的转轨，需要规范社会道德秩序，构建一种适合社会主义市场经济的新型经济道德观。经济伦理是由一定社会的经济基础决定的。经济伦理与经济、社会状况紧密相连，其发展变异主要受制于三个条件：社会制度、经济体制和文化环境。通过对中西方经济伦理的变异轨迹及其立论差异的比较和分析并立足于中国国情，可以看出，适应社会主义市场经济的新型经济伦理观应建立在人是“个体人”和“社会人”的统一体的基础之上。中国转轨时期的经济伦理正处于从“道德共同体”向“道德秩序”的转变之中，旧的“道德共同体”状态已被打破，而新的“道德秩序”尚未建立起来，社会几乎陷入“道德无政府状态”。我国经济伦理的发展方向是建立适应社会主义市场经济需要的有效的“道德秩序”。中国的经济伦理之所以走到今天的状态是经济改革和道德建设、法制建设不同步的必然结果。法律是他律，是一种强制性约束，而道德是自律，是一种软性约束；道德和法律是互补关系，健全的法制能促使人们遵循一定的道德秩序，相应的，人们有了一定的道德自律，法律的他律作用才能更有效。市场经济是法制经济也是道德经济，为保证我国市场经济的良性发展，不但需要加强法制建设，也需要加强伦理道德建设，用法律和道德共同规范和约束人们的经济行为。社会主义市场经济是一种以公有制为基础，兼顾公平与效率、个人利益与社会利益的市场经济。社会主义事业是为了全体人民的富裕和幸福，是为了使人得到自由而全面的发展。取利有道、诚信、公平竞争、自由与责任是适应我国社会主义市场经济的新型经济伦理的基本内容。在伦理变异的情况下培养人们正确的经济伦理观，需要在加快体制改革的同时，重视制度创新、健全法制、加强全民道德建设，并充分发挥政府、学术界在经济伦理构建中的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is in the important period going through transition from traditional planned economic system to the socialist market economic system. The transition has brought the changes of the political, economic, cultural systems, and promoted the change of the social moral concept at the same time. The fierce conflict of the new and old moral concept will cause the confusion of the ethical order inevitably, “exceed the bounds” and “lose Fan” arise at the historic moment, too. In order to guarantee social economy orderly, progressive and controlled transition, we need the social morals order of the norm and structure a kind of new-type economic moral concept what is suitable for socialist market economy.Economic ethics is decided by economic basis. Economic ethics is link to economic and social state closely. Its development and variation is limited by social system, economic system and cultural environment. Compared and analyzed the difference of the economic ethics variant path between china and the west, based on the Chinese actual conditions, we can find out: new-type economic ethics what meet the needs of socialist market economy should set up on the condition that a man is the terms “person” and “people”. The economic ethics of China is transforming from “moral community” into “moral order”. The old “moral community” state has been broken, and the new “moral order” has not been set up yet. The society nearly falls into“the moral state of anarchy”. Setting up the effective “moral order” adapting the needs of socialist market economy is the developing direction of Chinese economic ethics. Today the state of the Chinese economic ethics is the inevitable outcome of the economic reform, moral construction and legal construction being out of step. The law is the disciplining by others, and a kind of mandatory restraint, but the morals are containing by oneself, it is a kind of soft restraint; The morals and the law are complementary relations: legal system can impel people to follow certain ethical order，and corresponding, only if people have certain morals to contain by oneself, the function of disciplining by others of the law could be more effective. Market economy is not only legal economy but also moral economy. For guarantee the development of Chinese market economy, we should strengthen the legal and moral construction, work along with the law and morals to standardize and restrain people’s economic behaviors.Socialist market economy is one kind with public ownership as the foundation. It is the market economy that giving consideration to both efficiency and equity, <WP=6>personal interests and social interests. Socialism is for the affluence and happiness of all people, it is also for the overall and free development of all people. Getting profit properly, honest, fair competition, freedom and responsibility are the basic contents of Chinese new-type economic ethics. Training people’s correct economic ethics in case of making a variation in ethics, we should accelerate system reform, attention system innovation, perfect the legal system, enhance the people’s moral construction, and give full play to the function of the government and academia in economic ethics.更多还原