【作者】 孙萍；

【导师】 黄长江；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 环境科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 微量金属在生物体内起着非常重要的作用，不足或过量都会引起危害。由微量金属引起的污染问题随着工业的发展与日俱增，由此造成的对环境和人类健康的影响也越来越严重。本文对粤东潮汕地区的港湾和近岸海域的水相与生物相中微量金属进行大面积和多层次的调查，并用相关的评价标准对调查海域的水质污染现状和从浮游植物到鱼类的各营养级的海洋生物对微量金属的积累能力、污染现状和食用安全进行了评价。 本调查共设置40个站位，其中26个为水质、浮游生物和底栖生物调查站位，6个为渔排附着生物调查站位，8个为潮间带生物调查站位。调查时间位于2002年10月至2003年9月。生物样品的消化采用单一的硝酸消化方法，所有样品的微量金属元素的检测均用ICP-AES方法进行。用模糊综合评价法评价水质，用海洋生物污染评价标准及水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准来评价生物的污染水平及食用安全。 汕头港内外和南澳岛周边海域水体中的某些微量金属含量在绝大多数站位为3类和4类的水质标准，已不适合水产养殖之需。其中，Pb、Zn为主要污染因子。浮游动植物、底栖性和潮间带生活的软体动物(红肉蓝蛤、太平洋牡蛎、近江牡蛎、翡翠贻贝、西格织纹螺等)、甲壳类(藤壶、墨吉对虾、口虾蛄、梭子蟹、关公蟹)和鱼类(混在一起测的)几乎都受不同程度的金属污染，有些甚至达到重污染水平，而且许多水产品体内某些重金属均大幅超出食用标准，如红肉蓝蛤Pb含量最高超标达10.1倍，近江牡蛎Cu超标近10倍。鱼类不同组织器官富集金属元素的能力差异显著，顺序为内脏＞鳃＞皮肤＞肌肉。根据对生物富集金属元素能力的分析，浮游动物、太平洋牡蛎、翡翠贻贝、红肉蓝蛤、西格织纹螺和石莼均是某些金属元素的理想监测生物。 以上调查结果表明，粤东沿海地区的港湾和近岸海域的微量金属元素污染情况严重，某些水产品体内的有害有毒重金属元素出现较为严重的超标现象，对消费人群的身体健康已构成了实质性的威胁。更多还原

【Abstract】 Trace metals play so important roles in organisms that their insufficiency or excessiveness would be harmful or make damage. With industrial development, increasing contamination caused by trace metals is leading to more and more serious problems on environment and human health. The main objects of this thesis were to report the results about a large-scale and multi-levels investigation on trace metals in the water and organisms in the bays, estuaries and coastal waters along the Eastern of Guangdong, and to evaluate the status quality of water pollution and the accumulation ability, pollution level and edible security in marine lives located in food chain from phytoplankton to fish in the investigating areas.There were 40 sampling stations established in the investigating areas, including 26 stations for the investigation on water quality, plankton and benthos, six for fouling organisms on fish cages, and eight for those in the intertidal zone. The investigation was located from October 2002 to September 2003. All living samples were digested by nitric acid, and all trace metals were determined by ICP-AES. The water quality was evaluated by Fuzzy Comprehensive Assessment, and the metal pollution level and the edible security of organisms were evaluated by standard of pollution and standard of harmless fishery food.Trace metal concentrations in the water conformed the third or forth class water standard at the most of sampling stations in Shantou Bay and the waters around Nan’ao Island, indicated that the water can not be used for marine aquiculture. Among the metals, Pb and Zn were the main factor to cause the pollution. Phytoplankton, zooplankton, mollusc (Potamocorbula rubromuscula, Crassostrea gigas, Crassostrea rivularis, Perna viridis, Nassarius siquinjorensis et al.), Crustacea (Dorippe spp. Oratosquilla oratorio Portunus spp. Penaeus merguiensis, Tetraclita spp.), and fish (mixed) were all found to be contaminated by trace metals, with some being seriously polluted. The trace metals in many sea foods greatly exceeded the edible standard. For example, the highest concentration of Pb in Potamocorbula rubromuscula was 10.1 times higher than edible standard, and the highest concentration of Cu in Crassostrea gigas was about 10 times higher. A significant difference was found in enrichment ability between different tissues of the fish, with the order as: gut > gill > skin > muscle. According to the enrichment abilities of the investigated organisms, zooplankton, Crassostrea gigas, Perna viridis, Potamocorbula rubromuscula, Nassarius siquinjorensis and Ulva lactuca were found to be suitable as bio-indictors for some trace metals.The present investigation showed that trace metal contamination was serious in the bays, estuaries and coastal waters along the Eastern of Guangdong. Some harmful and poisonous trace metals ininvestigated organisms, including some popular marine products, greatly exceeded the edible standard, which have actually threatened the health of consuming population.更多还原