【作者】 赵平娟；

【导师】 唐明；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 森林保护学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）和连翘（Forsythia suspense (Thunb.)Vahl）为研究对象，在菌根真菌资源调查、菌种分离培养的基础上，通过拮抗实验、抗旱和抗病生理生化指标和抗病相关酶活性的测定，系统研究了菌根真菌提高林木的抗逆性，取得以下研究结果。在油松纯林分布有菌根真菌9属16种，其中和油松共生的有6属10种：厚环粘盖牛肝菌（Suillus grevillei(Klotzsch)Sing）、多根硬皮马勃（Scleroderma polyrhizum Pers）、高环柄菇（Lepiota procera S. F. Gray）、尖顶丝膜菌（Cortinarius gentilis Fr.）、丝膜菌 （Cortinarius sp）、乳牛肝菌（Suillus bovines L.:Fr）、褐疣柄牛肝菌 （Leccinum scabrum(Fr.)S.F.Gray）、米黄丝膜菌 （Cortinarius multiformis (Fr.) Fr）、细裂硬皮马勃 （Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb.）和光硬皮马勃（Scheroderma cepa Pers）；在连翘根系及根际土分离鉴定出3种内生菌根真菌，分别为缩球囊霉（Glomus constrictum Trappe），集球囊霉（Glomus fasciculatu Gerd. & Trappe emend. Walker & Koske）和大巨孢囊霉(Gigaspora gigantean Gerd. & Trappe)，其中G.constrictum为优势种。对美味牛肝菌（Boletus edulis Bull.:Fr）、黄乳牛肝菌（Suillus luteus L.:Fr）、S.polyrhizum、L. procera、C.gentilis、C. sp和S. bovines7种菌根真菌进行不同营养基质培养，除L. procera在查氏合成培养基上生长较好，其余适合在天然培养基上培养；除2种丝膜菌外，其它菌根真菌在MMN培养液中生长良好；S.luteus、B.edulis、C.gentilis和C.sp生长较快，S.polyrhizum生长最慢。7种菌根真菌对病原菌之间的拮抗实验表明，S.luteus对镰刀菌（Fusarium sp.）和丝核菌（Rhizoctonia sp.）都有较强的拮抗作用，其次作用强弱依次为B.edulis 、S.bovines 和L. procera；7种菌根真菌中只有S.polyrhizum不受7种杀菌剂的抑制；接种菌根真菌和病原菌于油松，使油松过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性活性高于对照，增强了油松的抗病性，S. bovines、B.edulis和L. procera作用显著。油松抗旱指标的测定结果显示，接种菌根真菌后，油松叶片中各种叶绿素含量、游离脯氨酸含量增加、膜质过氧化产物丙二醛含量下降，细胞膜的相对透性也降低、说明菌根真菌接种后通过多种方式提高了植物的抗旱性。不同菌种对不同指标的影响程度不同，B.edulis相对来说是较抗旱的菌种。连翘幼苗干旱胁迫后死亡率和菌根侵染率呈显著负相关，G.constrictum和G.fasciculatu混合接种死亡率最低，灼伤率最高，说明菌根真菌延缓了连翘受到干旱伤害的时间，提高了连翘的抗旱性。对叶绿素、脯氨酸、丙二醛、膜透性等抗旱指标的测定结果表明，菌根真菌接种可明显的提高连翘的抗旱性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment study the anti-adversity of Pinus tabulaeformis and Forsythia suspense (Thunb.)Vahl by research of resource ,cultivation of ectomycorrhizal fungus ,the test of resistence and incolation. The results are as follow:The result of Ectomycorrhizal fungus resource show ten species of six genus can be picked up mushroom in pure P.tabulaeformis forestry , Luolan and Danfeny ,shannxi province.The ten fungi include Suillus grevillei(Klotzsch)Sing, Scleroderma polyrhizum Pers.,Lepiota procera S. F. Gray., Cortinarius sp.,Suillus bovines L.:Fr.,Leccinum scabrum(Fr.)S.F.Gray.,Cortinarius multiformis (Fr.) Fr,Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb.and Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb., Cortinarius gentilis Fr.;Three symbiotic fungi spore of Forsythia suspense was found in soil by the root of Forsythia suspense, they are Glomus constrictum Trappe, Glomus fasciculatu Gerd. & Trappe emend. Walker & Koske and Gigaspora gigantean Gerd. & Trappe, G. constrictum has mumber superiority. The five Ectomycorrhizal fungi of S.polyrhizum、L. procera、C.gentilis、C. sp and S. bovines were departed from the root of P. tabulaeformis and mushroom. Boletus edulis Bull.:Fr and Suillus luteus L.:Fr are provided by microbe lab. The seven fungi were cultivated on different culture,The results show all the fungi except L. procera adapt to cultivation in nature culture. The others except Cortinarius can be cultivated in MMN liquid culture.S.luteus、B.edulis and C.gentilis are better than the others.S. luteus has remarkable resistance to the two kinds of pathogen, next to B.edulis,S. bovines and L. procera. That experiment showes the summit activity of POD,CAT and SOD in P.tabulaeformis inoculated by ectomycorrhizal before pathogenic fungi. The activity inoculated by ectomycorrhizal fungi is equal to the pathogen. It indicates the inoculation by ectomycorrhizal fungus would enhance the activity of defense enzyme under the force of drought. The resistance of the plant to disease was strengthened. S. bovine. B.edulis and L. procera have better effect.The experiment about the drought-resistence of Pinus tabulaeformis test the four kinds of the physiological indexes of drought-resistence in P.tabulaeformis inoculated by the seven kinds of mycorrhizal fungi in liquid and solid culture .The results show liquid mycorrhizal fungus were superior to the same solid;All mycorrhizal fungis can enhence the resistence of Pinus tabulaeformis to drought, B. edulis has best effect,next to C.gentilis Fr.The rate of death reduces under drought after F.suspense was inoculated by G.fasciculatum, G.constrictum and two kinds of mixture, at the same time, measure chlorophyll, proline , POD and so on, the result show mycorrhiza fungi can pass to change the content of the chemistry composition inside the plant body after invading, defering the plant to suffer from the harmful speed, strengthenning the anti- drought of the plant, among the all inoculation, the result of G.constrictum is better.更多还原