多叶型紫花苜蓿生物学特性的初步研究

【作者】 杜红梅；

【导师】 周道玮； 李志坚；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 草业科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本实验是以多叶型紫花苜蓿品种（亮苜2号、IGS及702）和三叶型紫花苜蓿品种（KEY、WL-414、WL-612、肇东及公农1号）为研究对象，对多叶型紫花苜蓿的生物学特性进行了系统研究。该研究不仅首次在品种内分析了植株个体多叶表达水平与植株个体蛋白质含量及纤维素含量的关系，并且也是首次在同工酶水平上分析了多叶型紫花苜蓿的遗传特性。结果表明：（1）2002年对IGS及702紫花苜蓿品种多叶型及三叶型二龄株扦插实验表明，IGS及702紫花苜蓿品种的多叶型植株经扦插后成活的植株依旧表达多叶性状，三叶型植株经扦插后成活的植株未表达多叶性状。（2）采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，对国外2个多叶型苜蓿品种及国内5个三叶型苜蓿品种幼苗的5种同工酶进行了测定，将酶谱数量化，应用SPSS统计软件求出各品种间的遗传一致度及欧氏遗传距离，并进行了聚类分析。结果表明：1）测定的5种同工酶中过氧化物酶（PER）、酯酶（EST）、淀粉酶（AMY）具有多态性，综合此三种酶酶谱可以鉴定供试的7个品种；2）2个多叶型品种具有一共同特征酶带PER-4，国内品种的过氧化物酶活性明显高于国外品种；3）品种间的遗传一致度为0.826~0.952，欧氏遗传距离为0.500~1.118，多叶型品种间遗传一致度为0.904，欧氏遗传距离为0.500；4）等级聚类分析结果为，以欧氏遗传距离0.400为分界，供试品种分为三类，2个多叶型品种为一类，其余的5种三叶型品种肇东和公农1号为一类，WL-612、KEY及WL-414为一类。（3）供试的7个紫花苜蓿品种田间实验结果表明：1）亮苜2号和IGS两个多叶型紫花苜蓿品种第一次初花期和第二次初花期，分别有54.81%、50.38%和83.76%、80.37%植株表达多叶性状；2）7个供试品种的株高、株重及植株基部分枝数间株重不存在显著相关，亮苜2号和IGS两个多叶型紫花苜蓿品种的株高、株重及植株基部分枝数没有表现出优势；3）第二次初花期时，亮苜2号和IGS两个多叶型紫花苜蓿品种具有较高的叶茎比、蛋白质含量，较低的粗纤维含量。亮苜2号品种内，植株叶茎比与多叶重量百分率呈显著正相关，植株蛋白质含量与叶茎比呈显著正相关，植<WP=6>株多叶重量百分率与蛋白质含量未达到显著相关水平；不同多叶表达水平植株的叶茎比差异显著，蛋白质含量和粗纤维含量差异不显著，多叶重量百分率50~70%植株的叶茎比显著高于多叶重量百分率0~20%植株，植株蛋白质含量随多叶重量百分率的增加而增加，粗纤维含量随着多叶重量百分率的增加而降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment was conduced to study biological characters of multifoliolate alfalfa(Medicago Sativa L.). Alfalfa cultivars in this study were three multifoliolate cultivars(Landmark2MF, IGS, 702) and five trifoliolate cultivars(KEY, WL-414, WL-612, Zhaodong, GongnongNo.1). It was for the first time that the relationship between multifoliolate expression on leaf dry weight basis and plant nutrient value were analyzed, and the genetic characters of mutifoliolate alfalfa was studied on isozyme level. It was showed:(1) The plants from multifoliolate plants after cutting expressed multifoliolate trait; meanwhile the plants from trifoliolate plants after cutting were all trifoliolate.(2) Five isozymes of two multifoliolate alfalfa(Medicago Sativa) cultivars and five trifoliolate alfalfa cultivars were analysed using polylamide gel eletrophoresis technique. Genetic similarity and euclidean coefficient between the cultivars, as well as cluster analysis result were worked out by SSPS(Scientific statistical program of society). The experiment showed: 1)PER, EST and AMY were polymorphic, meanwhile the isozymic chromatograph could identify the cultivars in this study; 2)Two multifoliolate cultivars had specific isozyme loci PER-4, and the level of PER activity of the internal cultivars was higher than the external cultivars; 3) Genetic similarity and euclidean coefficient between the cultivars were 0.826~0.952, 0.500~1.118, between the multifoliolate cultivars were 0.904, 0.500; 4)Multifoliolate cultivares were classified for one type, and others for two other types. (3) The field experiment of the 7 alfalfa cultivars in this study showed: 1) The proportion of the plants of two multifoliolate alfalfa cultivars (Landmark2MF and IGS) which expressed multifoliolate trait were respectively 54.81%, 50.38% and 83.76%, 80.37% in 8th July and 8th August. 2) There was no significant relationship in plant height, plant yield, percentage leaf, as well as divarication rate, and Landmark2MF and IGS had no higher <WP=8>values than the others. 3) In 10th August , the plants of Landmark2MF and IGS had higher percentage leaf , higher protein content, and lower crude fabric; the plant multifoliolate expression on leaf dry weight basis of Landmark2MF was positively relative with percentage leaf, meanwhile significant positive relation existed between leaf percentage and protein content; plant crude fabric content decreased, while percentage leaf and protein content increased, when the plant multifoliolate expression on leaf dry weight basis increased.更多还原