在不同反胶束体系中合成聚苯胺纳米材料

【作者】 韩冬雪；

【导师】 褚莹；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 聚苯胺作为一种导电聚合物最大的优点是环境稳定性好、电导率高、以及具有独特的可逆的掺杂/去掺杂掺杂机制，因而成为导电高分子中最有应用前景的品种之一。但聚苯胺由于其链的强刚性和链间强的相互作用使它非常难溶难熔且难于加工，这一缺点极大地限制了聚苯胺的应用。为改善聚苯胺的溶解性和可加工性，人们进行了大量研究工作。而在这些工作中，使用反胶束为模板进行苯胺聚合的方法成为目前研究的热点。本论文选用DBSA/异辛烷/水反胶束体系合成出DBSA掺杂的聚苯胺纳米材料并对可能的反应机理提出推测和解释。考察了反应时间、氧化剂与苯胺的比例、表面活性剂与苯胺的比例等因素对产品表观收率及电导率的影响，摸索出了此种方法的最佳合成条件，并以紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、循环伏安、X粉末衍射、热重分析、透射电镜等多种表征手段对产物进行了比较全面的表征，并测定了产物的电导率、分子量以及在某些溶剂中的溶解度。另外，还选择CTAB/正庚烷/正己醇/水反胶束溶液为反应体系，在室温下采用自组装的方法合成了HCl掺杂的聚苯胺一维纳米材料。同时，还尝试了把溶剂热过程应用到反胶束法制备聚苯胺纳米材料当中，并把反胶束过程和反胶束-溶剂热过程进行了简单的对比。文中不但通过紫外可见光谱、红外光谱、透射电镜、扫描电镜、X粉末衍射等一些表征手段并对产物性能进行了初步探索，而且对反应得以进行和结果得以实现的可能机理提出推测和解释。 本文还分别选择AOT/异辛烷/水反胶束、SDS/水/异辛烷胶束、DBSA/异辛烷/水反胶束、CTAB/正庚烷/正己醇/水反胶束与CTAB/异辛烷/异辛醇/水反胶束为反应体系，分别改变放置时间、搅拌方式、是否辅以溶剂热过程以及溶剂种类等制备出不同形态的聚苯胺纳米材料，并对可能影响产物形态的因素做了简单的分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polyaniline (PANI) is a kind of electrically conducting polymer with many features that could be exploited in various applications. Owing to its excellent electronic and environmental stability, especially a unique and reversible acid/ base doping/ de-doping chemical property, it has attracted considerable scientific interest now. But its main disadvantages are poor thermal of stability and poor processability both in melt and solution due to its stiffness of the backbone，which greatly limited the applications of polyaniline. Many studies have been made in order to promote the solubility and processability of the PANI, among which the reverse micelle template-synthesis of PANI becomes one of the focuses of aniline.In our paper, the DBSA/ isooctane/ water reverse micelle system was selected to prepare PANI nanomaterials. Moreover, the possible reaction mechanism was presumed and explained. The reaction time, APS/An, DBSA/An were investigated to determine the optimum reaction conditions. UV-Vis, FT-IR, CV, XRD, TGA-DTA, TEM, etc were used to character the resulting products. The conductivity, molecular weight and solubility of the products in some certain solvents were also investigated.Moreover, we choose CTAB/ water/ n-heptane/ n-hexanol quaternary reverse micelle system to synthesize HCl-PANI 1D nanomaterials via self-assembling process both at room temperature and in the ambience of hydrothermal process. UV-Vis, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, XRD, etc were used to character the resulting products, and the possible reaction mechanism was presumed and explained. Different systems, for example AOT/isooctane/water reverse micelle, SDS/water/isooctane micelle, DBSA/isooctane/water reverse micelle, CTAB/ water/ n-heptane/ n-hexanol reverse micelle and CTAB/ water/ isooctane/ isooctyl alcohol reverse micelle were selected to study the influence of aging time，agitated mode, using of hydrothermal process to <WP=5>the morphology of the resulting products. And simple analysis were made to explain the difference of the morphology of the products accoding to different reaction conditions.更多还原