【作者】 路林波；

【导师】 陈建中；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 物理化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 在反相微乳液体系中，通过调节几种主要参数，常温下由氧化还原反应制备了系列纳米金属粒子，并用十二硫醇对其进行了表面改性。采用光散射技术，XRD和TEM测试等表征手段，研究了制备条件对纳米金属粒子粒径及分散性的影响。通过超声分散技术，采用旋涂法将自制的纳米银粒子复合到聚碳酸酯树脂基体中制备了聚碳酸酯/纳米银复合材料。采用XRD，红外光谱，紫外－可见吸收光谱，紫外漫反射光谱（DRS），TGA和DTA等表征方法，研究了树脂基体中纳米银含量和复合材料性能的关系。XRD测试表明在环己烷/异戊醇/SDS/水所组成的反相微乳液体系中，由水合肼还原硝酸银和硝酸铜溶液可以制得纯净的纳米金属粒子。激光粒度仪和TEM测试表明纳米金属粒子粒径随W/O型微乳液体系中水和SDS的摩尔比增加，金属盐溶液浓度减小而增加。当体系中环己烷的用量为20mL，盐溶液浓度为0.5mol/L，水和SDS的摩尔比为7，异戊醇在微乳液体系中用量为7mL时，所制备的纳米金属粒子粒径分布窄，并在溶液中出现良好的分散性。测试结果也表明表面改性有助于防止纳米粒子的团聚。 纳米复合材料的红外，紫外－可见吸收光谱和DRS测试表明复合材料具有与基体材料不一样的光谱特征。XRD测试表明复合材料的结晶性提高，掺入的经过表面改性的纳米银粒子与基体材料有良好的界面相容性。TGA和DTA测试表明复合材料的熔融温度略有升高，热分解温度大大升高。同时发现基体树脂中的纳米银粒子含量越高，熔融温度升高, 热稳定性增强, 这将使改性后的复合材料的热加工条件优于基体材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 In inverse microemulsion systems, nanometer metal particles were prepared through oxidation-reduction reaction by adjusting several major parameters at room temperature. Subsequently nanometer metal particles were modified with RSH. The influence of experimental conditions on radius and dispersion of nanometer particles were studied by light scattering technique , transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD). With the help of ultrasonic dispersion, polycarbonate/nanometer silver composite materials were produced by spin-coating method when nanometer silver particles modified were dispersed in polycarbonate. The relations between content of nanometer silver particles in polycarbonate and characterization of composite materials were discussed by means of XRD, infrared spectrum(IR), UV-Vis spectrum, DRS, TGA and DTA .XRD examinations showed that the pure nanometer metal particles could be prepared by reducing Ag(NH3)+ and Cu(NH3)2+ with N2H4.H2O in cyclohexane/isopentanol/SDS/water inverse microemulsion systems. Light scattering technique and TEM showed that radius of nanometer metal particles would get larger with the molecular ratio of water and SDS increasing and concentration of metal ion in systems decreasing. When the dose of cyclohexane were 20mL，concentration of ion were 0.5mol/L , the molecular ratio of water and SDS were 7 and the dose of isopentanol were 7mL, the radius of nanometer metal particles were within the small range and would be dispersed well in solvents. The results of examination also showed that the modification of surface contributed to prevent nanometer metal particles from conglomerating. There were some difference in spectrum of IR,UV-Vis and DRS between <WP=4>the composite materials and polycarbonate. XRD examinations revealed that Composite materials have better crystallization performance and nanometer silver particles modified had excellent interface compatibilities with polycarbonate. DTA and TGA examinations showed that melting temperature of composite materials increased slightly and thermal decomposition temperature increased greatly. The examinations also revealed that melting temperature of composite materials increased and thermal stability amplified with content of nanometer silver contained in polycarbonate increasing, which would make processing condition of composite materials more favourable than that of polycarbonate.更多还原