【作者】 吴荣；

【导师】 郑毓峰；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文首先论述了国内外太阳电池的研究进展，阐述了太阳能电池的原理、分类、结构和效率和若干纳米材料的进展，详细介绍了pyrite太阳能吸收体材料的结构和半导体性质，综述了pyrite薄膜的各种制备方法及光电性能。在总结传统制备方法的基础上，我们提出了水热法制备pyrite材料，一举解决了不能一步合成、需要高温退火的问题，而且方法简单方便、易于控制。在酸性条件下首先利用水热法合成的FeS2粉晶，通过时间、温度等系列样品的测试，加之地质学的理论，详细分析了晶体的生长过程，作出了合理的解释。并对典型样品进行了Rietveld精修，探讨最终产物精确的相组成和详细的晶体结构。SEM得到晶粒的直径约500nm，呈典型的pyrite framboids形貌。其光学分析表明其在215-314nm处于强吸收区。将反应机理推广，替换铁源后利用此法还可以生长CoS2和NiS2。在碱性条件下，加入了MX2结构化合物FeS2和NiS2分别作为晶种诱导结晶，以EDTA、酒石酸为螯合剂优化反应条件，成功地合成了FeS2纳米晶。结果表明产物为单一相黄铁矿型FeS2（pyrite），纳米晶呈椭球状分布，并且指出多聚物阴离子基团Sn2-和金属阳离子或基团成键的强烈倾向是生成纳米材料的基础。实验过程中，Fe2+从Fe（II）—EDTA螯合物中持续释放，在水热条件下与S22-反应形成FeS2纳米材料。针对其光学直接禁带宽度发生蓝移，使用量子限域和有效质量近似方法得到了解释。测试多晶薄膜的导电特性，发现霍尔迁移率比天然矿物显著上升。通过水热法和传统的制备方法比较得出结论：水热法方法简便，可控制程度高。水热法之间也有明显的区别：在碱性条件下，白铁矿被抑制，产物粒径保持为纳米粒子，晶种诱导结晶作用明显。同时指出，水热法开拓了一个崭新的研究方向，此方面的工作还有许多待解决的问题，pyrite材料具有广泛的研究价值和无限的应用潜力，该工作具有光明的前途。更多还原

【Abstract】 An overview is first given on study of solar cell development all over the word, and explain the principle、classifying、structure、efficiency and so on. Particular recommend recent development of pyrite, including structure、semiconductor character、synthesis、Optical and electrical properties. Under investigation traditional preparation methods, we set forth hydrothermal synthesis pyrite. This way not only can easily solve mutil-step、high temperature annealing problems but also simplifies the working process and is easily controlled. First we have designed a new way to synthesize pyrite powder by a single stage hydrothermal method without introducing any further sulfur at acid condition. On the basis of series sample of time temperature and geological theory, we carefully analyze process of crystal growth and give reasonable explaining. After refine the typical sample, we discuss the accurate phase composing and crystal structure. Polycrystalline aggregates known as ‘pyrite framboids’ and the average grain size of the sample is about 500nm from the SEM determination. In ultraviolet–visible rang 215-314nm it shows strong absorbance. Just replacing by different metal ion Co or Ni source, so called Pyrites compound can be prepared through the hydrothermal method. On the contrary in the alkaline condition, FeS2 (Pyrite) nanocrystal have been synthesized successfully by the hydrothermal reaction using FeS2 crystalline seed with EDTA and tartaric acid as complex additives to optimize the preparation condition. The results showed that the product was single-phase pyrite with a ellipse–like form nano-size particle. It can account for that the polychalcogenides Qn2- has strong trend to compound with metal ions or base –group to synthesize nano-size materials. In the process, the free iron ions continuous release from Fe（II）—EDTA compound, then combine S22- in the <WP=7>solution to form pyrite. The optical direct bandgap taking blue shift can be explain by quantum confinement effect effective mass approximate method. Hall mobility rises more obvious than natural pyrite. After compare with traditional method we get the conclusion that hydrothermal can easily control. Even between hydrothermal, there exist distinctness that marcasite can be got rid of, final product remain nano-size particle and seed-induce do very important function. Moreover hydrothermal is a new way so there is a lot of work tobe solved. Pyrite materials have widely studing value and potential. Therefore this research has bright future.更多还原