【作者】 孟斌；

【导师】 康维钧； 张兵；

【作者基本信息】 河北医科大学 ， 劳动卫生与环境卫生学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：随着老年人口不断增多，老年人的健康问题正在成为医学研究领域的热点。老年人由于年龄因素以及一些重要微量元素的摄入不足，常常引起免疫功能的大幅下降。营养状况能够影响机体免疫功能，故营养素的补充也就成为改善老年人免疫功能方便而有效的措施。目前关于单独锌、铁缺乏对老龄人或动物免疫功能影响的报道较多，而关于单一补充锌、铁或联合补充锌、铁对老龄人或动物免疫功能的影响报道很少，且尚无定论。本研究通过给予老龄大鼠不同浓度锌、铁的饮水，观察补充不同剂量锌、铁对老龄大鼠免疫指标：红细胞免疫、体液免疫、淋巴细胞免疫功能以及自然杀伤细胞活性等的影响，为老年人群合理补充营养素锌、铁，提高机体免疫功能提供科学的参考依据。方法：取SD大鼠(月龄≥18)，58只，雌雄各半。按３×３析因设计，随机将大鼠分为９组：正常组、补铁Ⅰ组、补铁Ⅱ组、补锌Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅱ组、补锌Ⅱ组、补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅱ组。实验组分别给予由硫酸亚铁和硫酸锌配制而成的不同浓度的水，共饲养45天。喂饲期间观察大鼠一般状况、称量体重，喂饲结束后处死动物，测定下列指标：大鼠体重，脾脏重量，计算大鼠脾脏指数，血清锌、铁含量，血清IgG浓度，脾脏淋巴细胞转化率，自然杀伤细胞活性，红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)，红细胞免疫复合物受体花环率(RBC-ICRRR)。<WP=4>实验结果采用SPSS11.5统计软件处理数据。结果：1、补锌、补铁对老龄大鼠体重影响：正常组、补锌Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅱ组体重随时间先升高，在第三十天后开始下降，其余各组大鼠体重均呈下降趋势。锌、铁不同水平以及锌、铁交互作用对老龄大鼠体重变化的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05)。2、大鼠血清锌、铁含量两两比较结果：锌：血清锌含量由高到低前三位的是补锌Ⅱ组、补锌Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅰ组，且它们之间有显著性差异(P<0.05)，并与其它各组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。补铁Ⅱ组、补铁Ⅰ组血清锌含量最低，且与其它各组有显著性差异(P<0.05)，补铁Ⅱ组低于补铁Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。铁：补铁Ⅰ组血清铁含量高于补锌Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅱ组(P<0.05)，补铁Ⅱ组除与补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅱ组、补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅱ组无显著差异外(P>0.05)，与其它各组均有显著性差异(P<0.05)，正常组与补锌Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅱ组无差异(P>.05)，但低于其它各组(P<0.05)。析因分析结果：不同水平补锌对血清锌含量有独立作用(P<0.05)，对血清铁没有作用(P>.05)；不同水平补铁对血清铁有独立作用(P<0.05)，对血清锌亦有独立作用(P<0.05)。锌、铁联合对血清锌有作用(P<0.05)。两两比较结果说明：铁对锌有抑制作用，且随着补铁量的增加，血清锌含量下降，而锌对铁没有明显作用。3、不同锌、铁含量以及锌、铁交互作用对老龄大鼠血清免疫球蛋白IgG含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。各组之间也无显著性差异(P>0.05)。4、补锌、补铁对老龄大鼠免疫器官的影响：实验组和正常组均未观察到老龄大鼠的胸腺。脾脏重量各组间无显著<WP=5>差异(P>.05)。实验组老龄大鼠脾脏指数均高于正常组，补锌Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅱ组高于正常组(P<0.05)，补铁Ⅰ组脾脏指数与补铁Ⅱ组无显著性差异(P>.05)，但二者均高于其它各组(P<0.05)。其它各组间无差异(P>.05)。析因分析结果：锌和铁对老龄大鼠脾脏指数没有影响(P>0.05)，锌、铁联合作用对老龄大鼠脾脏指数有显著影响(P<0.05)。5、补锌、补铁对RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICRR的影响：单独补充锌、铁对老龄大鼠RBC-C3bRR和RBC-ICRR有显著作用(P<0.05)，锌、铁联合作用对老龄大鼠RBC-C3bRR、RBC-ICRR亦有影响(P<0.05)。RBC-C3bRR两两比较结果：补锌Ⅱ组高于其它各组(P<0.05)，补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅰ组高于补铁Ⅰ组(P<0.05)，其它各组间无显著性差异(P>.05)，由此可以看出，高锌可以提高老龄大鼠红细胞表面C3b受体量。RBC-ICRR两两比较结果：补锌Ⅱ组RBC-ICRR含量最低，与其它各组有显著差异(P<0.05)。除补锌Ⅱ组外，补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅰ组亦低于其它各组(P<0.05)。补锌Ⅰ组低于正常组、补铁Ⅰ组、补铁Ⅱ组、补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅱ组、补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅱ组(P<0.05)，补铁Ⅰ组低于补铁Ⅱ组(P<0.05)，补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅰ组最高，且与其它各组有显著差异(P<0.05)。 6、补锌Ⅱ组淋巴细胞转化率高于正常组(P<0.05)，补铁Ⅰ组高于补铁Ⅱ组(P<0.05)，补锌Ⅰ组高于补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅱ组(P<0.05)，补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅰ组淋巴细胞转化率高于补铁Ⅰ组(P<0.05)，补铁Ⅱ组低于补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅱ组、补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅱ组、补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅱ组、补锌Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。补锌Ⅱ组高于补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅱ组(P<0.05)，补锌Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅰ补铁Ⅰ组、<WP=6>补锌Ⅱ补铁Ⅱ组高于补铁Ⅰ组(P<0.05)，其它各组间没有差异(P>.05)。析因分析结果：锌、铁单独对老龄大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞转化率有作用(P<0.05)，锌、铁联合作用对老龄大鼠脾脏淋巴细胞转化率亦有明显作用(P<0.05)。7、补锌、铁对老龄大鼠脾脏自然杀伤细胞活性的影响：两两比较结果：补铁Ⅰ组、补铁Ⅱ组自然杀伤细胞活性低于正常组(P<0.05)，补锌Ⅰ组、补锌Ⅱ组自然杀伤细胞活性高于正常组(P<0.05)，补铁Ⅰ组更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: With the growth of the number of the old people, the problem of health of the elderly is becoming the hotspot of medicine field. Because of the age and some important trace elements intake deficiently, the elderly people’s immunological function shows failure significantly. The nutritional status is related more to immune dysregulation than to a general age-related decrease in immune responses, so it is a convenient and efficient measure to improve the elderly people’s function of the immune system. There are many reports about effects of deficiency of Zn or Fe on the immunological function of elderly people or animals, but there are not so much reports about effects of supplementation of Fe or Zn on immunity of the elderly people or animals, and also have no final conclusion. The experiment was carried out to study the effects of supplementation of different levels of Zn and Fe on the old rats’ immunity by adding different density of Zn and Fe to their drinking, the red cell adhesive function, humoral immunity, function of lymphocyte and NK activity was observed. The present paper was carried out to provide reasonable supplementation of Fe and Zn for the old population and provide scientific reference for the strength of old people’s <WP=9>immunity.Methods: 58 SD rats(age≥18 months), were divided into 9 groups randomly according to3×3 factorial experiment design, 29 males and 29 females every group: Normal group (N), middle Fe group (FeⅠ), high Fe group (FeⅡ), middle Zn group (ZnⅠ), middle Zn and middle Fe group (FeⅠZnⅠ), middle Zn and high Fe group (ZnⅠFeⅡ), high Zn group (ZnⅡ), high Zn and middle Fe group (ZnⅡFeⅠ), high Zn and high Fe group (ZnⅡFeⅡ). The trial groups supply Zn and Fe by drinking water contained different concentration of zinc sulfate and ferrous sulphate. The general status and weight were observed during feeding period. Rats were put to death at 45th day to determine the following parameters: the body weight of rat, the spleen weight and spleen index, the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG), transformation efficiency of lymphocyte of spleen, activity of natural killer cell of spleen, red blood cell C3b rosettes rate (RBC- C3bRR) and red blood cell IC rosettes rate (RBC-ICRR), Statistical analysis was performed by factorial analysis and ANOVA, with SPSS11.5.Results: 1 Effects of supplementation of Zn and Fe on the weight of old rats: Weight of N, ZnⅠ, FeⅠZnⅠ and FeⅡgroups increased during the first 30 days, and decreased after that time, other groups’ weight decreased during the whole feeding period. There were no effects of different levels and interaction of Fe and Zn on the weight of the old rats (P>0.05).2 Results of multiple comparison of Zn and Fe in the old <WP=10>rats serum: Zn: The content of Zn in serum of ZnⅡ, ZnⅠ, ZnⅡFeⅠ groups as the first there highest groups, they had the significant difference each other, and they also had significant difference with other groups (P<0.05). The content of Zn in serum of FeⅡ and FeⅠ groups is lowest and have significant difference with other groups (P<0.05). The FeⅡ group is lower than FeⅠ (P<0.05). Fe: The content of Fe in serum of FeⅠ is higher than ZnⅠ and ZnⅡ groups (P<0.05), FeⅡ has significant difference with all groups (P<0.05) except ZnⅠFeⅡ and ZnⅡFeⅡ groups (P>.05), the group of N has no significant difference with ZnⅠ and ZnⅡ (P>0.05) and lower than other groups. The result of factorial analysis: Supplementation of Zn in different levels had independent effects on content of Zn (P<0.05) and had no effects on Fe in serum (P>.05). Supplementation of Fe in different levels had independent effects on content of Zn and Fe in serum (P<0.05). Zn and Fe have interaction effects on the content of Zn in serum (P<0.05). The results indicate that Fe inhibits Zn absorption (P<0.05), and the content of serum Zn declined with the increase of supplementation of quantity of Fe, but there was no effect of supplementation of Zn on Fe in serum.3 There were no significant effects of different level更多还原