【作者】 秦臻；

【导师】 陈继勇；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 尽管世界贸易组织一直呼吁加强和维护多边贸易体制，一直重申全球贸易自由化是推动世界经济发展的手段，而绝大多数国家事实上仍然通过关税壁垒和非关税壁垒实行贸易保护政策。关税壁垒因透明度高，易受世贸组织制约和贸易报复等原因而渐呈递减趋势，而关贸总协定的“乌拉圭回合”谈判又将矛头指向传统的非关税壁垒，如进口许可证、进口配额等，使之只能在特定的条件下才能采用。在这种背景下，部分发达国家开始探寻新的贸易壁垒，而以人类健康、生态环境保护、消费者权益保护面貌出现的贸易技术壁垒是最为盛行、最有影响的一种。贸易技术壁垒作为新贸易保护主义手段发展的新动向，已越来越频繁地被一些发达国家使用，成为这些国家阻挡其它国家，尤其是发展中国家的产品进入其市场行之有效的手段。 中国作为发展中国家，已受到贸易技术壁垒的巨大影响，由于贸易技术壁垒而被其他进口国拒之门外的例子屡见不鲜。随着我国入世，发达国家会进一步加强对我国贸易技术壁垒的实施。因此，笔者认为，对贸易技术壁垒进行理论研究与对策分析，对于促进我国的经济贸易发展、充分保护本国的民族工业具有十分重要的现实意义。 本文共分为三章： 第一章详细介绍了贸易技术壁垒协议及其在世界贸易组织诸协议中的体现、贸易技术壁垒的涵义和特点，然后从三种不同角度对贸易技术壁垒进行了分类。 第二章对贸易技术壁垒进行了理论研究。主要内容包括两部分，第一部分是关于贸易技术壁垒的基本模型，该部分重点讨论了三种不同的贸易技术壁垒基本模型，第一种是保护型贸易技术壁垒模型，第二种是供给转换型贸易技术壁垒模型，第三种是需求转换型贸易技术壁垒模型。另外，该部分最后还讨论了某大国实施贸易技术壁垒对世界价格的影响。第二部分是关于垂直贸易技术壁垒的理论研究，该部分以在产品垂直质量差异基础上的世界寡头市场为框架建立模型，提出了关于贸易技术壁垒的三个命题，并通过严格的数学方法对之进行了证明，在第三个命题中，笔者大胆地首次提出“滑动摩擦质量成本系数”和“静摩擦质量成本系数”。综合三个命题，便可以解释在现实世界经济环境中，发展中国家为何总是遭遇到发达国家不断升级的贸易技术壁垒。该部分的最后环节则完成了垂直贸易技术壁垒模型在信息不对称条件下的扩展。 第三章为我国应对贸易技术壁垒所做的策略分析。首先介绍了我国遭遇贸易技术壁垒的现状，然后从政府和企业两个角度进行对策分析。在企业对策中，笔者以第二章的垂直贸易技术壁垒模型的理论为依据，提出了企业应采用质量经营战略应对贸易技术壁垒的有效办法。更多还原

【Abstract】 World Trade Organization (WTO) is appealing to enforce and maintain the evolving multilateral trading system, and is clarifying the basic means of developing the world economy. However, many countries are implementing the protectionism polices through tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers (NTBs). The number of Tariff barriers is decreasing because of their high transparency, and because they are exposed to regulation of WTO and retaliation of counter countries. Then, the traditional NTBs, such as import license and import quota, are largely limited as a result of the Uruguay Round of Trade Negotiation. Therefore, some developed countries are beginning to find new barriers. And one of the most popular and influencing barriers is Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) that are always under the camouflage of the human’s health, the protection of environment and the protection of consumer. There is a new trend that some developed countries frequently use TBT to impede other developing countries to enter their markets.As a developing country, China is suffering from TBT, and the number of examples in which Chinese failed to export to other countries is increasing. Developed countries would put more TBT upon us as the result of our access to WTO. So in" my opinion, our country should benefit from the research of TBT, and the research would benefit the developing of our economy and protection of our ethical industries.My paper is divided into three chapters.The first chapter introduces the concept of TBT, the main points of TBT, and the Agreement of Technical Barriers to Trade. Then TBT are classified through three different points of views.The second chapter gives a theoretic analyze of TBT. Firstly, three different basic models of TBT are introduced. They are the Regulatory Protection Model, the Supply-Shift Model and the Demand-Shift Model. In addition, World Price Effects of TBT are given for further analyze. Secondly, the Vertical Technical Barriers to Trade are introduced on the basis of vertical differences of products in Duopoly Market Structure. And three propositions are given for further analyze. In the thirdproposition, static coefficient of friction about TBT and dynamic coefficient of friction about TBT are firstly advanced in my paper. As far as three propositions are concerned, it can be explained that why developing countries are frequently suffered from the constantly upgraded TBT of developed countries. Finally, the Vertical Technical Barriers to Trade are given a further research in the expanded condition of asymmetric information.The third chapter puts forward the countermeasures to TBT. In the first, the status of TBT in our country is introduced. Then, the countermeasures are analyzed in two different points: One macro-point is the government, and the other micro-point is the corporation. In the latter, the effective countermeasures that corporations should implement the quality management strategy against TBT are given according to the theory of Vertical Technical Barriers to Trade in which is advanced in the second chapter.更多还原