【作者】 刘涛；

【导师】 卞祥平；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 法律， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 保险利益原则是保险法上的一项基本原则，具有重大的理论和实践意义。本文拟从此题出发，探讨保险利益的法理基础，财产、人身保险中的保险利益，保险利益的例外规则，保险利益原则的发展趋势等问题，并对我国立法提出相应的建议。 正文分五章。 第一章介绍保险利益的法理基础。根据早期英国的保险判例及后期成文法的发展，归纳出两种理论，分析了两种理论的涵义、产生背景、对实践的意义和存在的缺陷。认为法定关系理论对保险利益的界定过于严格，阻碍了保险业的发展；实际利益理论适应了被保险人的需要，但确定被保险人所受损失的数额是其难点。 第二章介绍财产保险利益。财产保险利益是主体对保险标的的一种经济上的、可以确定的、合法的利益关系，它基于财产的现有利益和期待利益而产生，其时间效力应界定在发生损失当时，对人的效力应界定于被保险人。 第三章介绍人身保险利益。运用比较法学的方法，介绍了各国人身保险利益的立法体例。认为其理论上无法科学定性，实践中不能科学定量，应以同意主义原则取代之。 第四章介绍保险利益的例外规则。本章认为：随着保险险种的增加，保险利益的具体化越来越困难，而在实务当中，“无保险利益则无保险”的规则，则正在被“非赌博、无道德风险和不当得利即为有保险利益”的规则所替代。因此，本章特别探讨了保险利益的两个例外规则：第一是保险合同之无因管理及其反向规则：非赌博即有保险利益；第二是弃权和禁止抗辩及其反向规则：人身保险无道德风险即有保险利益。 第五章介绍保险利益原则的发展趋势及相应的立法建议。本章认为：保险合同首先是划分商业风险的法律手段，其次才是惩恶扬善的道德功能载体。对保险利益宜做扩大解释，以实际利益原则取代法定关系原则更符合保险的根本的经济补偿目的和职能。本章最后对我国《保险法》和《海商法》提出了一些修改建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Insurance interest is one of fundamental principles on insurance laws, has great theory and practice meanings This text starts on from this question , discusses the legal foundation of insurance interest, the insurance interest in property and life insurance, the exceptional rules of insurance interest, its development trend etc, and puts forward the corresponding legislation suggestions to our country.The text falls into five chapters.Chapter one is on the legal foundation of insurance interest. According to the early British insurance cases and the development of the written laws on later stage,I sum up two kinds of theories, analyse the meanings of two kinds of theories, the backgrounds , the practical meaning and their existing defects. I think that the legal interest theory is overly strict in definition of the insurance interest and has hampered the progress of insurance; the factual expectancy theory has met the needs of the insurance , but the difficult point is to confirm the losses.Chapter two is on the interest of property insurance. Property insurance interest is the subject’s economical, legal interest that can confirm in relation to insurance mark. It produces on the basis of existing interest of the property and interest of expecting. Its time effect should be identified when the losses take place, and the effect to person should be identified to the assured.Chapter three is on life insurance interest. With the comparative jurisprudence, the text introduces the legislative style of the life insurance interest of various countries. It can not be determined the nature in science, and the ration in practice. It should be replaced by agree doctrine principle.Chapter four is on the exceptional rule for the interest of insurance. This chapter puts forward : With the increase of the insurance kinds, it is more and more difficult for the specifying of the insurance interest. In the practice, the rule that " no insurance interest, no insurance " is being replaced by the rule that" not gamble, nomoral risk and unjustified enrichment means insurance interest " . So, this chapter especially probes into two exceptional rules of insurance interest: The first is the voluntary service of the insurance contract and its reverse rule: there is insurance interest unless gamble; The second is relinquishment and estoppel and its reverse rule: It has insurance interest when no moral risks in the life insurance.Chapter five is on the development trend of insurance interest and the corresponding legislation proposals. This chapter thinks: The contract of insurance is a legal means to divide the commercial risks firstly, secondly it is the ethical function carrier punishing evil- doers and praising good-doers. We should make explanation of expanding to insurance interest, replace legal interest theory with factual interest theory, then will it accord with the basic economic compensation purpose and function of insurance even more. This chapter puts forward some modifications to " insurance law" and " marine law " of our country finally.更多还原