【作者】 岳卫峰；

【导师】 杨金忠； 蔡树英；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文依据国家自然科学基金项目—“宁蒙河套灌区水平衡机制及耗水量研究”第三子课题“典型区域水均衡机制研究”进行选题，选择内蒙河套灌区最大的灌域—义长灌域作为研究区。该区由于引入的水分，转化关系复杂，监测困难，导致耗水机理不清，用水资料不系统，水的利用率低；盐分的不均衡分布以及强烈的蒸发蒸腾，使得该地区盐碱化十分严重。因此，研究分析该地区的水均衡及耗水机制，把握水分在各个环节的转化与消耗，在此基础上，进一步地把握河套灌区的耗水、用水规律和水平衡机制，具有重要的现实意义。 水均衡分析是本文的重点和创新点。通过对内蒙河套灌区义长灌域水资源系统水均衡要素及其影响因素的实地调查，利用1990～2002年共13年的资料和数据，采用水均衡法和彭曼公式相结合以及水均衡法和潜水蒸发公式相结合的方法，分析了区域水的转化、运移、分配过程以及各环节的耗水机制；定量分析了区域水的均衡要素间相互制约和转化的关系，揭示了人类活动影响下引黄灌域耗水机理和水平衡机制。本文主要研究内容如下： 1．分别以灌期和年为均衡时段，建立了义长灌域总体水均衡模型和均衡方程，研究分析了灌域总体水均衡及其各要素间的转化关系，并结合彭曼—蒙特斯公式对该地区的作物系数进行了预测。 2．分别以灌期和年为均衡时段，建立了义长灌域地下水均衡模型和均衡方程，研究分析了灌域地下水均衡及其各要素间的转化关系，并结合潜水蒸发公式对该地区的潜水蒸发系数和地下水埋深的关系进行了拟合。 3．以年为均衡时段，建立了义长灌域以土壤水为中心的非农区—农区—水域水均衡模型及各分区的均衡方程，研究分析了灌域各分区的水均衡以及农区向非农区、农区向水域的水分转化运移关系。 4．以年为均衡时段，研究分析了义长灌域总体盐分均衡以及以耕地为中心的各类型土地的盐分均衡。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is based on "Study on the Mechanism of Water Balance of Representative Areas", the third sub-task of "Study on the Mechanism of Water Balance and Consumption in Irrigation Districts of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia along the Yellow River", which belongs to the program of the national nature and science fund, and chooses the biggest irrigation sub-district of irrigation district of Inner Mongolia along the Yellow River-Yichang irrigation sub-district. The transformation of the water, which flows into this area, is very complex, and measure is difficult, so the mechanism of consumption is not clear, the data of water use is not full, and the utilization rate of water is very low. One more thing, the distributing of salinity is not well-proportioned and the evapotranspiration in this area is very intense, which lead to serious salinization. So studying the water balance and mechanism of consumption of this area and grasping the transformation and consumption of water in the process have important practical significance. At the same time, this thesis offers reference to grasp deeply the rules of water utilization and consumption and the mechanism of water balance in irrigation districts along the Yellow River.The study on the water balance of this area is the emphases and innovation in the thesis. The author has surveyed the parameters and the influencing factors of water balance of water resources system in Yichang irrigation sub-district of irrigation district of Inner Mongolia along the Yellow River. Using the concerned data of 1990~2002, the author studied water balance of the whole area with water balance method and the Penman-Monteith Equation, and analyzed groundwater balance of this area with water balance method and the Groundwater Evaporation Equation. In addition, the author quantitatively analyzed the relations of mutual restriction and transformation of balance factors, and revealed the mechanism of water balance and consumption in irrigation sub-district along the Yellow River, which is influenced by human activities. The main content of this thesis are as follows:1. Using irrigation period and annual period as time unit respectively, the author set up the water balance model of the whole area and the water balance equation, and studied water balance as well as the transformation relation of its parameters of the whole area inYichang sub-district with water balance method, and forecast the crop coefficient of this area by combining the Penman-Monteith Equation.2. Using irrigation period and annual period as time unit respectively, the author set up the groundwater balance model and its equation, and analyzed groundwater balance as well as the transformation relation of its parameters of this area with water balance method, and simulated the relation curve of groundwater evaporation coefficient and groundwater table by combining the Groundwater Evaporation Equation.3. Using annual period as time unit, the author set up the nonfarming area-farming area-water area water balance model and the water balance equation of each area, and researched water balance of farming area, nonfarming area and water area with circling the soil water, and the condition of water transportation from farming area to nonfarming area, from farming area to water area.4. Using annual period as time unit, the author studied salt balance of the whole area in Yichang irrigation sun-district and salt balance of all kinds of soil in this area with circling farming area.更多还原