【作者】 彭丽华；

【导师】 张日昇；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 宽恕是近年来道德心理研究的重要主题之一。本研究在对宽恕的哲学渊源、宽恕的发展阶段、宽恕的过程模式、影响宽恕的因素和人际间宽恕的模式等内容总结的基础上，结合事件情境、同伴关系、年龄和性别等因素探讨青少年宽恕的发展。结果如下： (1) 故事情境对青少年的情感反应、知觉到的伤害程度和宽恕程度有显著效应，在名誉伤害和隐私伤害情境下的生气程度和知觉到的伤害程度最高，宽恕程度最低。 (2) 同伴类型对青少年的情感反应和宽恕程度有显著效应。青少年对好朋友的生气程度要低于对一般同学，在宽恕程度上对好朋友的宽恕程度要高于对一般同学的宽恕程度。 (3) 性别对青少年的情感反应、知觉到的伤害程度和宽恕程度没有显著效应，但在某些情境下存在显著的性别差异，如在名誉伤害情境下，女生的生气程度显著高于男生；在身体伤害情境下，女生的宽恕程度显著高于男生。 (4) 年级对青少年的情感反应、知觉到的伤害程度和宽恕程度没有显著效应，但在某些情境下存在显著的年级差异。 (5) 青少年的情感反应与知觉到的伤害程度有显著的正相关，但情感反应、知觉到的伤害程度与宽恕程度呈现显著的负相关。 (6) 青少年在伤害情境下对宽恕程度理由的解释上表现出年级上的显著差异。初二的学生倾向于从亲密性的角度解释，而高二的学生更多地从冒犯者的个性品质和道德要求的角度出发，如“他的人品有问题”或“宽恕是一种美德”，而大二年级则主要以冒犯者犯过的意图作为道德推理的准则。 (7) 在某些伤害情境下，青少年对宽恕程度理由的解释表现出性别上的显著差异。男生比女生更可能从亲密性和严重性的角度进行解释。 (8) 青少年对宽恕程度理由的解释表现出同伴类型上的显著差异。对于好朋友倾向于考虑两者的亲密程度，而对于一般同学关系则较多地考虑事件的严重程度。 (9) 根据伤害事件的不同，青少年对宽恕程度理由的解释存在显著差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forgiveness has recently been one of important topics in moral psychology research. The study was based on summarizing contents including philosophical origin, developmental stage, process model, factors of influencing forgiveness and the model of interpersonal forgiveness. The study explored the development of forgiveness, which was integrated with factors of incidents contexts, companion relationship, age and sex in adolescence. The results showed:(1) Contexts had significant effect on the degree of emotional response, perceived hurt and forgiveness. In the context of hurt reputation and hurt privacy, the degree of anger and perceived hurt were highest and the degree of forgiveness is lowest.(2) The companion relationships had significant effect on the degree of emotional response and forgiveness. Adolescents had different moral responses to good friends and general schoolmates. The degree of anger for good friends was lower than that for general schoolmates, and the degree of forgiveness for good friends was higher than that for general schoolmates.(3) Gender had no significant effect, but gender differences were found in some contexts. For example in the context of hurt reputation, females had a higher degree of anger than males, and in the context of physical hurt, females’ degree of forgiveness was significantly higher than males’.(4) No significant grade effect on the degree of emotional responses, perceived harm and forgiveness were found, but in some contexts we found grade differences.(5) In this study we found the degree of anger and perceived hurt had significant positive correlation, but both had significant negative correlation with the degree of forgiveness.(6) Adolescents indicated significant grade difference on explaining the degree of forgiveness in the context of hurt. Students of Grade Two in junior high school were inclined to explain the degree of forgiveness on the basis of closeness, students in senior high school on the basis of offender’s traits and moral request, and university students on the basis of intent.(7) In some contexts significant gender difference were found on explaining the degree of forgiveness. Males were more likely to explain this on the basis of closeness and severity.IIAbstract(8) Adolescents indicated significant difference of companion types for explaining the degree of forgiveness in the context of hurt. For good friends they were likely to consider closeness as an explanation, but for general schoolmates they considered the degree of severity.(9) With regard to different hurt incidents, the reasons of given explaining the degree of forgiveness had significant differences.更多还原