【作者】 于永淼；

【导师】 许俊杰； 王永清；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林业经济管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 企业是现代社会的细胞，是市场经济的主体，而占企业绝大多数的中小企业则是这一主体中最活跃、最富有活力的组成部分。随着社会主义市场经济体制逐步建立，中小企业成为国民经济发展的重要生长点，是缓解就业压力，保持社会稳定的主要力量，是大企业改革与发展的重要依托，在发展经济、扩大出口等方面都发挥着十分重要的作用。 另外，我国的政治环境也越来越有利于中小企业的发展。1998年国家经贸委增设中小企业司，随后发布了一系列对中小企业有利的政策，如《关于培育中小企业社会化服务体系若干问题的意见》、《关于建设中小企业信用担保体系试点指导意见》、《中小企业服务体系建设试点工作方案》等等。2000年下半年，国家又发布了《关于鼓励和促进中小企业发展若干政策的意见》。我国中小企业虽然有了一定发展，但是存在问题也不少。主要表现在：技术创新能力差、产出规模小、核心竞争力不足、普遍缺乏人才、政府扶持不足、融资成本高等一系列问题。 自1991年美国在《21世纪制造企业发展战略报告》中提出敏捷制造的概念后，敏捷制造在世界范围内引起了强烈的反响，受到各国政府及工业界的广泛重视。敏捷制造和国际上的许多研究计划，如STEP、CALS、IMS等有着密切的关系，正逐步成为一项国际性的研究计划。可以说，敏捷制造是一种全新的制造组织模式，代表着本世纪制造业的发展方向。 本文在对敏捷制造的理论来源和主要特点分析研究的基础上，结合我国中小企业的实际情况提出，中小企业要实施敏捷制造思想，参加和建立虚拟企业，在虚拟企业中占有一席之地，必须具有与其他企业不同的能力，中小企业必须建立核心竞争力。 本文将采用的企业核心竞争力概念为：企业独具的长期形成并融于企业内质中支撑企业竞争优势的、使企业能在竞争中取得可持续生存与发展的核心性能力。核心竞争力是企业拥有的关键性技能、隐性知识和智力资产，是超额价值和企业创新的源泉。企业要具有动态地、灵活地、快速地响应市场变化的能力，而这个能力正是企业敏捷化的体现。 本文提出了企业敏捷化改造的理论体系；最后给出了建立和管理虚拟企业的基本模式。敏捷虚拟企业是一个为快速响应市场机遇而构建的临时性企业联盟。作为一个跨企业的组织系统，虚拟企业追求的是在市场机遇存在的短时期内突破单一企业的有形界限，以延伸企业功能模块的物理范围，通过将企业间的优势互补，资源进行灵活、有效的组合，迅速满足市场机遇的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 Enterprises, most of which are middle or small-size corporation, are the cells of modern times and the main body of the market economy, and moreover, middle or small-size corporation are the most flourish and energetic part. Along with the working up of the socialistic market economy, middle or small-size corporation have become the essential grow-up point of the national economy and the main force both of releasing the pressure in employment and of keeping the social stabilization, and what’s more, they are important support of the large-scale enterprises’ development and play an important role in economical development and the enlarging of national export.In addition, the political environment in our country has become more and more suitable to the development of middle or small-size corporation. In 1998, the National Economy and Commerce Committee established a management department of middle or small-size corporation, and then put out a series of advantageous policies about them, such as "Opinions on the problems of cultivating the middle or small-size corporation’ social service system", "Opinions on constructing the credit insurances system of middle or small-size corporation", "the Experimental project of middle or small-size corporation’ service system". And "Opinions on the policies of encouragement and advancing the middle or small-size corporation’ development" was published in later 2000.Our national middle or small-size corporation have been developed greatly, but here are still a lot of problems such as the lack of technique innovation ability, the small scale of production, the deficiency of core competition force, being short of person with ability commonly, the insufficiency of governmental support, the high cost of financing and so on.Since the bringing forward of the concept of "Agile Manufacturing" in an American report: "the Manufacture enterprises’ development in 21st century" in 1991, Agile Manufacturing has aroused blazing echo in the world and has got common recognition of the government and the industrial circles all over the world. Agile Manufacturing is closely related to many international research plans such as STEP CALS IMS, and itself is becoming a international research plan too. It can be said that smartness manufacture is a totally new pattern of manufacture, which represents the development direction of the next century’s manufacture.Based on the analyses of the theoretical resource and main characteristics of Agile Manufacturing, and combining with the practicality of the national middle or small-size corporation, this article puts forward that national middle or small-size corporation must bring the theory of "Agile Manufacturing" and take part in the establishing of virtual enterprises. In order to take one part of the virtual enterprises, middle or small-size corporation must have unique ability which differs from the others and must establish core competition.The concept of the enterprise’s core competition force in this article is the core ability which isunique and formed by long time and combined with the enterprise’s endoplasm. It can support the enterprise’s competition advantage and enable the enterprise to continent survive and develop in the competition. The core competition is the key craftsmanship, recessive knowledge and intellective assets of the enterprise. It is the source of the enterprise’s innovation and excess value. It needs the ability to dynamically, neatly and fleetly answer for the changes of market. And this ability is the representation of the enterprise’s Agile.This article put forward the theoretical system of the Agile reconstructive to the enterprise. In conclusion it presents the basic mode of how to found and manage the virtual enterprises.更多还原