【作者】 费春红；

【导师】 张长春；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 材料学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 塑料注射成型技术的出现始于二十世纪三十年代，在仅有的七十年左右的时间已发展成为一种非常重要、最具代表性的塑料加工方法，注塑制品也为越来越多的行业采用。目前在普通注射机上实现注射成型是塑料成型中最高效的成型方式，但其存在注射件形状精度低、表面粗糙度大等缺点，因此限制了普通注射机在塑料精密成型中的应用，尤其是在光学部件成型加工中的应用。为了提高塑料制件加工精度，尤其是光学部件的加工精度，国外相继开发了注射-压缩成型机。对于我国来讲，目前还没有赶上国际先进水平。尚未研制出这种投入生产的超精密注射-压缩成型机。但引进注射-压缩成型机，投资大，成本高。本课题研制一套装置与普通注射机结合在一起，实现了在普通注射机上的注射-压缩精密成型，可大大提高普通注射机加工精度，扩大普通注射机的应用范围。本文研究的主要工作内容如下：1．简述塑料精密注射-压缩成型技术的发展历史与现状本文在绪论部分简要回顾了塑料精密注射-压缩成型技术的发展概况，认为各行业对于注塑制品需求量的增加，以及新材料的出现，促进了塑料精密注射-压缩成型技术的形成与发展。尽管国外有些国家已研制出精密注射-压缩成型机，但在国内还没有精密注射-压缩成型机投入生产。在普通注射机上实现注射-压缩成型具有很大的实用价值。2．进行注射-压缩成型工艺的分析工作作者从目前通用的塑料注射成型方法入手，提出了目前塑料成型的问题和难点，并对目前注射-压缩成型技术进行了分析。讨论了注射-压缩成型方法的种类以及每种成型方法的优点和缺陷。分析结果为进一步深入研究在普通注射机上实现注射-压缩成型装置奠定了理论基础。3．完成普通注射机上注射-压缩成型装置的设计设计适用于普通注射机上的注射-压缩成型装置的机械系统、液压系统以及伺服控制系统。本文充分利用我国目前普遍应用的普通注射机，设计一套装置在普通注射机上实现了注射-压缩精密成型技术。该套装置采<WP=64>用伺服阀控制液压系统，实现闭环控制，能精确控制模具的行程，提高产品质量，扩大了普通注射机的应用范围。4．设计普通注射机上的注射成型系统和注射-压缩成型系统，并制备试件设计了两套模具来验证普通注射机上的注射-压缩成型技术。其中注射成型模具的设计与传统方法相同，对此在工艺上作了分析和参数调整，研制出质量较高的产品。另一套模具是压缩模具，该模具对注射出的产品进行二次加工。通过比较两种成型方法的产品验证注射-压缩成型工艺。5．对两种成型产品质量进行了表征试验本文对注射成型件和注射-压缩成型件进行了比较，先后测量了两种成型制品的双折射现象，表面粗糙度以及面形偏差。双折射是在正交偏振光下，应用偏光显微镜测量两种成型件的干涉图样来比较的。表面粗糙度应用偏光显微镜在单偏光下观察其表面。面形偏差通过德国生产的干涉仪测量。结果表明注射-压缩成型件的双折射明显降低，表面光洁度提高，面形偏差减小。可见注射-压缩成型件质量得到了明显的提高。大量实验结果表明通过注射-压缩成型制品的质量比通过注射成型制品的质量有了明显提高，能达到制品的质量要求。大大提高普通注射机的使用范围，而且充分利用现有资源、投资少、见效快。该项技术的推广应用具有显著的经济效益和社会效益，同时推动了塑料精密成型技术的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1930’s, plastic injection molding (PIM) technology has been developed, and become a kind of very important, representative plastic processing method. Plastic parts are used widely. At present, plastic injection molding is the highest efficient processing method in the plastic processing field, especially in the optics plastic field. But the surface precision and surface roughness of the produce is bad, so the employment of the plastic injection molding machine (PIMM) is limited. To improve the product quality, many countries invented plastic injection-compression molding (PICM) machines which didn’t appear in China. The price to import a type of PICM machine is so high that most company couldn’t afford. The author designs a kind of equipment used in common PIMM which can finish injection/compression processing and produce better plastic parts. Thus the employment of PIMM will be wider.The main contents of the paper are listed as follows:1.Formulate the development history and status quo of plastic precision injection-compression molding technologyIn exordium, the author briefly reviews development of PICM. The author believes that increasing demands for plastic parts and appearance of new material are the motive force of PICM. Although many foreign countries developed plastic injection- compression molding (PICM) machines, we couldn’t find anyone in China. So if we can use the PICM technology on PIMM, we <WP=66>would save much money.2.Analyze PICM technologyThe author introduces the PIM technology and its problem and difficulty. Then the author analyzes PICM technology , lists its varieties and discusses its merits and demerits. The result is useful for the next investigation in studying PICM technology for PIMM.3.Design PICM equipment for PIMMDesign machine system, hydraulic pressure system and servosystem for PICM equipment. The common PIMM is widely used in China, so the author designs a kind of equipment for PIMM. Then we can finish injection-compression processing on PIMM. The servo control system can control the molding accurately, so the produce quality is improved greatly. 4. Design injection processing system and injection-compr- ession system suited for PIMM and produce plastic partsThe author designs two sets of moldings to validate PICM technology on PIMM. The method to design injection molding is common, so the author only tell us its technics and how to select the best technical parameter. The PICM molding is designed to process the produce of PIM for the second time. We validate PICM technology by comparing the produce of the two kinds of processing.5.Compare the two kinds of produceThe author compares the two kinds of produce in birefring- ence, surface roughness and surface form deviation. We measure the birefringence through polarized microscope at orthogonal polarized light condition and observe the surface roughness at parallel light condition. The surface form deviation was measured through INTERFEROMETER V-100 made in Germany. The results tell us the produce of PICM gets lower birefringence, better <WP=67>surface and lower surface form deviation. It is visible that the quality of PICM produce is improved greatly.Many experimental results tell us that the quality of PICM produce is improved greatly and could satisfy the customers. At the same time it will broaden the employment of PIMM because it makes full use of the resource at hand and keeps up with the development of plastic.更多还原