【作者】 田恒奎；

【导师】 高景昌；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 医院的信息化，是当前传统行业信息化变革潮流中的重要部分。无论是2003年的非典疫情给医院管理和业务流程运作带来的挑战，还是人们对医疗服务的普遍性需求，都对医院通过信息化改造医院的传统管理和运作模式，提高就医服务质量，提出了迫切的要求。医院信息系统属于迄今世界上现存的企业级(Enterprise)信息系统中最复杂的一类。传统的基于客户机/服务器的HIS产品开发周期长，而且功能上也不够完善，存在着诸如系统响应速度慢，难以集中控制，可扩展性差等各种各样的问题。因此，需要一种科学的方法来分析和设计医院信息系统。本文讨论的医院门诊收款系统就是深圳三九医院信息系统(999HIS)的一个子系统，本系统采用了面向对象建模的技术和方法，能够较好地捕捉用户的需求，为系统的成功开发和软件的后期维护奠定了良好的基础。系统的开发采用了基于三层体系结构的Windows DNA，并且采用目前比较先进的COM+技术规范进行设计实现，加快了开发进度，并且使系统具有高效率，可扩展性，安全性等优势。本文在研究和探讨目前医院信息系统的发展现状和软件技术的发展现状后，提出了基于三层体系结构的Windows DNA的解决方案，并采用基于COM的组件化程序设计思想来指导系统的开发，可以建立一个具有良好高可靠性，可扩展性的应用系统，从而解决现有HIS系统技术上所面临的种种困难。本文在分析了体系结构发展过程后，先介绍了客户机/服务器体系结构及其优缺点。传统的客户机/服务器体系结构把用户界面和业务逻辑都放在客户端，虽然结构简单但带来了难以集中控制，安全性差，客户端负担大等原生性问题。接着介绍了三层体系结构及其运行机制和优点。Windows DNA体系结构完全基于三层服务模型,它将应用系统分成三层：用户界面层、业务服务层、数据服务层。用户界面层提供相应的用户界面，主要负责收集用户提交的数据，检验数据的格式正确性，调用相应的中间层组件方法；处理组件返回的数据，进行显示等功能，采用比较方便的Visual Basic开发。业务服务层负责处理用户界面层的应用请求，完成商务逻辑的计算任务，并将处理结果返回给用户。业务服务层是将原先置于客户端的业务逻辑分离出来，集中置于服务器部分，为所有用户共享。用户服务层，业务服务层，数据服务层三层的相互独立加上COM组件的三大特性：语言无关性、进程透明性和可重用性，使系统解决了客户机/服务器体系结构其原生性问题。业务服务层是整个应用的核心部分，而COM+则相当于心脏，采用小巧灵活的COM开发工具——ATL（Active Template Library，活动模板库）开发。数据<WP=51>服务层为应用提供数据来源，采用MS SQL SERVER 2000进行存储管理。在掌握了基于三层结构的Windows DNA体系结构后，可以使用它来设计HIS系统。在分析医院门诊收款的主要业务逻辑和工作流程后，使用Rational Rose 2002为系统建模，画出整个系统的蓝图，用于指导系统的开发。设计时，着重关注中间业务组件的接口的设计，因为中间服务层是三层体系结构的核心部分而接口是对外服务的唯一途径。组件的接口具有不变性，设计好的接口一般不允许修改，否则可能会导致现有其它应用的调用错误。使用Power Designer 8设计后台数据库结构，尽量保证数据的完整性。本文根据关系数据库记录经常出现一对多，多对多的关系，还探讨了复杂事务的实现，通过设置一个特殊事务管理器，来保证数据的完整性和正确性。本文在完成系统的设计后，以此为蓝图，逐步实现门诊收款系统。在实现的过程中，涉及了许多与组件开发相关的关键技术。我们给出了三层体系结构中每层的实现方法和关键代码，并且针对需要事务支持的组件给出了两种方案，一种是在组件管理控制器中进行配置，另一种是进行编程实现，这种实现省却了人工配置，从而减少了人为错误。在完成中间业务组件的开发后，通过组件服务管理工具在专门的组件服务器上配置和部署COM+应用程序，以便为客户程序提供服务。本文给出了这些关键技术的实现过程，并说明如何配置和部署COM+应用程序。最后简单介绍了通过COM+的对象池，负载平衡，基于角色的安全等服务来提高系统性能。在实际应用中，可以根据客户端的数量，硬件资源配置状况来配置对象池的临界状态和创建超时时间，以达到系统最佳性能。最后对本文进行了总结，提出了为提高系统运行效率亟待解决的问题和设计过程中有待完善的地方。更多还原

【Abstract】 The information of the hospital is an important part of the current traditional profession information. Weather is the challenge of the hospital management and the business process that SARS (Sever Actue Respiratory Syndrome) in the year of 2003 bring, or the demand of the treatment service that people making, all require hospital to improve the service quality through changing the traditional management and the operation mode by the information of the hospital.Hospital Information System belongs to one of the most complex enterprise information systems hitherto. Construction cycle of traditional HIS based on client/server is long and function is not perfect enough, They have generally the phenomenon and questions that system responds slowly, centralized control is difficult and dependability is poor. So it needs one kind of scientific method to analyze and design Hospital Information System. Hospital Clinic Count and Charge System that this paper will talk about is a subsystem of Shen-zhen 999 hospital information system(999HIS). This system adopts object-oriented modeling technology and method which can more deeply catch the requirement of users and setup good base for successful development of this system and software maintenance during later stage. It is Windows DNA system structure based on three layer structure and COM+ technique criterion adopted in development process that make the development cycle abbreviate and the system performance, scalability and security improve greatly.After studying and probing into current development situation of hospital information system and development of software engineering at present, the paper indicates that to use Windows DNA system structure based on three layer structure, and adopt program design theory based on COM to guide system development can set up application system having high scalability and good performance, thus solve all sorts of technologic difficulties that existing HIS system faced with.After studying the systematic structure developmental course ,Firstly, The paper introduce client/Server structure and it’s shortcoming. Client/Server lay <WP=53>user interface and business logic in the client. Though the structure is simple, it bring the intrinsical questions that system responds slowly, centralized control is difficult and dependability is poor. Secondly, The paper introduce three layer structure and it’s excellence. Windows DNA is entirely based on three layers service model. It divides application system into three layers: users interface layer, business service layer, data service layer. User interface layer offers user interface, mainly gathers data submitted by user, checks data form, uses operation provided by component in the business service layer; disposes data returned by component, displays data in the user interface. This layer is developed by Visual Basic. Business service layer takes charge of dealing with application request of user interface layer and accomplishes business affairs logic calculation task, then returns the result to users. Business service layer is separated from the business logic of client. It concentrates on server parts and shares for all users. The independence of business logic and three features of the COM component: language independence, process transparence, reusability solve the intrinsical problem of Client/Server Structure. Business service layer is a kernel part of the whole application. And COM+ is the heart of the whole application. This layer is developed by ATL (Active Template Library). Data service layer offers data source for application. This layer uses MS SQL Sever 2000 to store data. After mastering Windows DNA system structure based on COM+ technology, we can use it to design HIS system. After analyzing main business logic and workflow of hospital drugstore, Rational Rose 2002 is used to set up system modeling and draw the blueprint of whole system for guiding system development. When designing, we pay attention to design of the interface of middle business component, because business ser更多还原