【作者】 陈明辉；

【导师】 赵淑芝；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 交通运输工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 第二松花江发源于吉林省长白山天池，全长824公里，通航里程595公里，流域面积7.9万平方公里，流域内有吉林省长春、吉林、松原三大工业城市。三大城市的GDP占全省总值的80%以上。吉林省即将建设的五大工业基地中，有四大工业基地建在第二松花江流域内，在吉林省的经济发展中具有重要的地位。第二松花江流域内可耕地为23,998平方公里，吉林市以下是吉林省的主要商品粮基地，沿岸地区地处著名的黄金玉米带，玉米深加工企业发展迅速。江中的砂石和沿岸地区的矿产资源丰富。第二松花江具有良好的航运条件，在运输粮食、煤炭、砂石等大宗散货上相对于公路、铁路运输有较大的优势。第二松花江航运始于南北朝时期，曾经有过辉煌的航运史。近年来，第二松花江的航运发展已严重滞后于吉林省社会经济的发展。第二松花江航运发展落后，主要表现在航道等级低，多数航道仍处于自然状态，通过能力差，航运在五种运输方式中所占比重非常小；航运基础设施落后；运输船舶老、旧，船型、机型复杂，性能差、效率低；航运企业不景气，不能适应社会经济发展的需要。制约第二松花江航运发展的主要因素：一是航道建设、养护的资金缺乏。航运基础设施得不到正常的建设与维护。二是缺乏对内河航运资源的开发力度。重电轻航的思想阻碍了航运的发展，河道内乱采砂石破坏了航道，也阻碍航运的发展。三是航运本身的特性及第二松花江特殊自然条件也制约了航运发展。四是没有从可持续发展的角度对待航运。认为内河航运是一种古老的运输方式，不符合现代经济发展的要求，不仅没有必要发展，而且应该淘汰。五是吉林省航运管理的体制不完善。第二松花江横贯吉林省中部地区，在综合运输网中具有重要的战略地位。发展第二松花江航运是腹地经济发展的需要，是进一步完善综合运输体系的<WP=70>需要，是实施可持续发展战略的需要，也是国防建设的需要。国家实施振兴东北老工业基地战略、交通部加快内河航运发展给第二松花江的航运发展带来的难得的机遇，同时第二松花江航运发展具有自身优势及技术上的可行性。第二松花江航运性质定位、前景：第二松花江通过综合治理后，具有良好的航运发展前景，对发展地区经济和形成骨干航运体系有重要作用，航运在综合运输体系中的作用将逐步提高。航运发展的战略：第二松花江航运发展应实施水资源综合开发、分段开发、以航运基础设施建设为重点、以科技促进航运现代化的发展战略。目标：实现船队在全水系网内的直达运输。与其他运输方式相互衔接，形成运行高效的吉林省内河水运体系，为公路、铁路运输发挥补充作用；为吉林省打造一条出海通道，促进吉林省经济的发展。大力发展松花湖、红石湖、白山湖的库区旅游业，拉动经济发展。 根据第二松花江航运发展和吉林省的实际情况，借鉴国内外航运发达地区发展航运的先进经验，发展第二松花江航运，要加强水资源的综合利用,要给予相关的政策倾斜，要大力发展库区旅游业，要以科技兴航运。只要按照航运发展战略与目标开展工作，给予航运以足够的重视，采取相应措施，第二松花江的航运一定能够发展起来，重现往日繁荣的景象，为吉林省社会经济发展发挥重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The 2nd Songhua River is 824 kilometers long , navigation mileage is 595 kilometers , watershed area is 79,000 square kilometers . The valley contains three greatest cities of Jilin Province , Changchun City , Jilin City and Songyuan City . The GDP of three greatest cities accounts for 80% of whole province total above . Jilin Province will soon develop five great industrial bastions . There are four great industrial bastions being setting up in the valley of the 2nd Songhua River . It has the prominent position in the economy development of Jilin Province . There is 23,998 square kilometers arable land in the valley of the 2nd Songhua River . The Jilin City below is main merchandise foodstuff site of the Jilin Province . The alongshore region is in the famous golden corn belt , the corn deep processing enterprises developed quickly . There is a great deal sand in the riverbed . There are plenties of mineral resources in the riverside region .The 2nd Songhua River has a good condition of shipping . It has more advantaged in transporting foodstuffs , coals , sand , etc . The shipping of the 2nd Songhua River began from the South and North Dynasty period . It has ever a glorious history . But in recent years , the shipping development of the 2nd Songhua River was underdeveloped with social economy development of Jilin Province . It falls behind , expressing primarily in waterway order is low , most waterway is still placed in state of nature , passed capacity badly , the density occupied of shipping in five kinds of conveyance methods is very small , the basic facilities of shipping are backward . The conveyance ships are old and out of date , their patterns and models were complex , their functions were bad , their efficiencies were low . The shipping enterprises were in a rut , couldn’t adapt to the social economic development .There are five main factors that restrict shipping development of the 2nd Songhua River . First lacks of coffer used in waterway’s building and upholding , <WP=72>and the basic facilities can’t be built and upheld normally . Second lacks of force used in developing shipping resources . The thought of respecting electricity and ignoring shipping obstructs the shipping development . People dig the sandstone in the river out of order destroys the waterway , and obstructs the shipping development . Third is that the characteristic of the shipping oneself and the special of nature . Fourth is that the shipping isn’t be treated from sustainable development . Thinking that the inland river shipping is a kind of ancient conveyance method . It doesn’t correspond to the modern economic development , and there is no necessity to be developed , so it should be eliminated . Fifth is that the shipping management system isn’t perfect . The 2nd Songhua River traverses the central region of Jilin Province . It has an important strategy position in the synthetic transport net . Shipping development is the requirement of the economy development of the hinterland , of the further perfecting synthetic transport system , of sustainable development , and of national defense . There are rare opportunities that the nation actualizes strategy of developing the northeast old industry site and the Ministry of Communication develops inland river shipping quickly . The shipping development of the 2nd Songhua River has personal advantage and possibility on the techniques . The orientation and foreground of the 2nd Songhua River: The 2nd Songhua River has a good foreground of shipping development after being synthetic harnessed . It has an important action to develop region economy and to build a framework of shipping system . The strategy of the shipping development : The shipping development of the 2nd Songhua River should operate the strategies , such as water resource synthetic development , divisive development , regarding basic facility building of the shipping as emphasis , developing the technology of shipping . Target : Realizing ships transport directly in the whole water net , linking up w更多还原