节点文献
MOCVD法氧化锌薄膜的生长与氧化锌基紫外光探测器的研究
The Growth of ZnO Thin Films by MOCVD and Ultraviolet Photodetectors Fabricated on ZnO Films
【作者】 刘博阳;
【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 , 光学, 2004, 硕士
【摘要】 ZnO,作为一种直接带隙宽禁带材料,是继 GaN 之后光电研究领域又一热门研究课题。其光电特性受缺陷的影响较小,在如今的信息时代有着重要的作用。它可用于制作发光显示器件、高频滤波器、发光二极管、激光器、高速光开关等器件, 在民用及军事领域都有着重要的用途。目前,对 ZnO 的研究大多集中于薄膜材料的生长方面,其生长方法大致包括以下几种:分子束外延(MBE)、金属有机化学气相沉积(MOCVD)、脉冲激光沉积(PLD)、原子层外延、溅射、蒸发等。本文利用等离子增强MOCVD 反应系统在 c-蓝宝石上生长 ZnO 薄膜,并对其有关特性进行了研究,同时,在成功制备出的高阻 ZnO 薄膜基础上,成功制备出了 ZnO 基紫外探测器,并对其相关特性进行了测试和分析。 利用 MOCVD 系统在 c-Al2O3衬底上生长出高质量的 ZnO 薄膜,研究了薄膜的相关特性。X 光衍射显示生长的 ZnO 薄膜为 c 方向柱状生长,ZnO(002)衍射峰的半高宽为 0.28°,分析显示 ZnO 薄膜在生长过程中产生了一定的张应变。从 ZnO 薄膜的室温光荧光谱中,我们观察到高强度的紫外发射。紫外发光强度与绿色发光强度之比为 14 :1,同时通过光荧光谱得到的 ZnO 薄膜禁带宽度为 3.31eV,表明薄膜具有较高的光学质量。 对c-Al2O3衬底上不同条件下的薄膜生长进行了比较,首先,对生长温度进行了优化,结果与分析表明在5400C时生长的ZnO薄膜拥有最好的结 吉林大学硕士论文91<WP=97>中 文 摘 要晶特性和光学特性。 我们对锌源温度对ZnO生长的影响进行了系统的研究。X射线衍射结果显示:锌源温度的变化ZnO薄膜的晶格常数的影响非常小,即锌源温度的变化对样品晶体内部张应力的影响很小。锌源温度在-19°C时所生长的ZnO薄膜具有最好的结晶特性。原子力显微镜的结果同样显示了锌源温度在-19°C时所生长的ZnO薄膜具有最小的表面粗糙度。样品光荧光谱显示ZnO薄膜的紫外发光能量随锌源温度的降低而逐渐降低,从-21°C开始,紫外发光能量又开始升高。由于在晶格失配的外延生长当中ZnO薄膜中存在着内部的张应变,所以这个带隙能量的变化是与ZnO薄膜的结构特性(薄膜内部的张应变)有关的。因此紫外发光能量的减小就意味着ZnO薄膜内部的张应变的减小。分析显示,在锌源温度达到-19°C~-21°C时,生长的薄膜的内部的张应变最小,且变化很小,这就证明锌源温度的变化在一定范围内对所生长薄膜内部的张应变的影响是非常小的。这同薄膜的X射线衍射的分析结果是一致的。-19°C所生长样品的紫外发光与绿色发光强度比最高,表明其光学质量最好。整体上讲,在锌源温度为-19°C时所生长的ZnO薄膜具有最好的综合特性。 由于退火作为一种改善薄膜质量的常用手段,在高温下可以使氧化锌的化学键经历一个应力释放的过程,产生网络的重构,从而有效地提高薄膜的质量。所以我们对不同条件下退火对薄膜质量的影响进行了研究。1. X射线衍射结果表明退火提高了ZnO薄膜的晶体质量,不同气氛下的退 火并没有引入其他晶向的ZnO。ZnO (0 0 2)面衍射峰的强度退火后增 大了5倍左右。氧气中退火的样品相对于氮气中退火的样品有一个更强 的ZnO (0 0 2)面衍射峰。退火后XRD半高宽明显变小,氧气下退火样92 吉林大学硕士论文<WP=98>中 文 摘 要 品的值最小。这些都表明氧气退火相对于氮气退火对ZnO薄膜晶体质量 的提高有更大的影响。ZnO薄膜的平均晶粒尺寸在退火后增大,这主要 是同由热退火所引起的ZnO颗粒的熔合过程相关的。同样的,氧气氛中 退火的样品有着最大的平均晶粒尺寸。2. 光荧光谱显示:对于氧气氛退火,样品在3.31eV 附近的紫外发光峰的 强度在退火后明显增强。但是与此同时在2.53eV~2.34eV附近处的绿色 发光峰强度在退火后也显著增强,这就意味着单电离的氧空穴的增加。 紫外发光与绿色发光强度比急剧下降,从14减小到了4,表明样品的光 学特性变差。对于氮气氛下退火,样品在3.31eV 附近的紫外发光峰的 强度在氮气氛下退火后有一定增强。但是与此同时在2.53eV~2.34eV附 近处的绿色发光峰强度在退火后也显著增强,退火样品的光学特性也 同样变差。比较二者结果,我们发现氧气氛下退火的样品相对于氮气 氛下退火的样品有一个强度更高的紫外发光峰,前者的紫外发光峰的 半高宽也更小。氧气氛下退火样品的紫外发光峰发生了红移(紫外发 光能量减小),而氮气下退火样品的紫外峰位基本上没有变化。我们认 为对于氧气氛下退火的样品来说,薄膜生长时由于晶格失配会产生内 部的张应变,退火时所提供的足够的热能会使这种张应力释放掉。如 果薄膜内部的张应变被释放掉了,那么带隙能量就会降低。所以近带 边紫外发光的能量从3.32eV减小到3.30eV。而对于氮气氛下退火,样 品的紫外发光峰没有变化主要是由所引入的氮受主杂质和浅层中性施 主浓度的急剧减小所导致。此外我们还发现氧气氛和氮气氛对ZnO薄膜 绿色发光峰的影响是一致的,所产生的差异仅仅是对薄膜紫外发光特 性?
【Abstract】 ZnO, a wide direct-gap semiconductor, attracts as much attention as GaN inoptoelectronics research field. Its optoelectronic characteristics are little affected byvacancies. And it has great uses in this information age. It can be used to fabricatedisplay devices, high frequency filters, emitting diode, lasers, high speed opticalswitch and so forth. Therefore, it has great uses in both civil and military fields.Atpresent, the research of ZnO is mainly about the growth of material films. A lot ofmethods have been used to deposit ZnO films such as Molecule Beam Epitaxy (MBE),Metal-organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), Pulsed Laser Deposition(PLD), Atomic Layer Epitaxy (ALE), Sputter and Thermal Evaporation. In this thesis,we grew high quality ZnO films by plasma-assisted MOCVD system on c-Al2O3substrate and studied their related characteristics. Meanwhile, based on highresistance ZnO films grown by MOCVD, we successfully designed and fabricatedZnO ultraviolet photodetector. Then characterization and analysis were performed. We grew high quality ZnO films by MOCVD on c-Al2O3 substrate andinvestigated the characteristics of them. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) shows that ZnOfilms are highly c-oriented and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of (0 0 2)ZnO is 0.28°. Related analysis indicated that a tensile strain was formed in thedeposition process of ZnO. In room temperature Photoluminescence (PL) Spectra, weobserved high-intensity ultraviolet luminescence. The ratio of ultraviolet luminescenceintensity and green luminescence intensity is 14:1 and the forbidden band widthderived from PL spectrum is about 3.31 eV, which indicated good optical quality of 95<WP=101>ZnO films. We compared ZnO films grown on c-Al2O3 in different conditions. Firstly, weoptimized the growth temperature. Results and analyses show that ZnO thin filmgrown with the temperature of 540°C has the best crystal quality and optical quality. We systemically studied the effect of the temperature of DEZn source on thequality of ZnO films grown by MOCVD. XRD spectra show that the change of DEZnsource temperature little effects lattice constant of ZnO, which also means that thetemperature change of DEZn source has little influence on the built-in tensile strain inZnO. ZnO film grown with the temperature of — 19°C had the best crystal quality.Atomic Force Microscopy measurements show that ZnO grown at — 19°C had thesmallest roughness. PL spectra show that the ultraviolet luminescence energy ofsamples decreased with the decrease of DEZn source temperature and increased after—21°C. Considering in lattice-mismatched epitaxial growth, ZnO thin film has atensile built-in strain, so this shift of band gap energy is related to the structurecharacteristic of ZnO films (tensile built-in strain in films). Therefore, the decrease ofultraviolet luminescence energy means that the decrease of tensile strain in ZnO.Results show that tensile built-in strain of ZnO is the smallest when DEZn temperatureis about — 19°C~21°C and has little fluctuation. This indicates that in some range thechange of DEZn temperature has little effect on tensile strain in ZnO films. This resultis in accordance with the analysis of XRD. Sample grown at — 19°C has the highestratio of ultraviolet luminescence intensity and green luminescence intensity, whichshows the best optical quality. Synthetically, ZnO films grown with the temperatureof — 19°C has the best quality. Post-thermal annealing, as one common means to improve films’ quality, at high96<WP=102>temperature can make ZnO bonds undergo a relaxation process to cause networkreconstruction. So we investigated the influence of post-thermal annealing on ZnOfilms.1. XRD show that annealing effectively improved the quality of ZnO films andannealing in different ambient didn’t introduce ZnO with other directions except for(002). Af
- 【网络出版投稿人】 吉林大学 【网络出版年期】2004年 04期
- 【分类号】O484
- 【被引频次】3
- 【下载频次】478