【作者】 王欣；

【导师】 许志晋；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪中叶以来，随着科学技术的飞速进步和社会生产力的迅猛发展，人类创造了前所未有的物质财富，加速了人类社会的发展过程。然而，正当人类为所取得的物质财富感到欣喜的时候，却出现了世界性的资源枯竭、能源危机和生态环境恶化等一系列问题。这些全球性的重大问题，严重地阻碍着人类社会的可持续发展，威胁着人类的未来生存和发展。在可持续发展的前提下，未来的科技创新向何处去？人类需要什么样的科技创新？人类应该怎样从事自己的科技创新活动？本文试图通过对可持续科技创新的概念、特征、作用、评价、本质的界定和阐述来说明这样的结论：可持续科技创新是可持续发展的推动力量，可持续发展必须依靠可持续的科技创新；未来的科技创新必将统一于可持续发展的最终目标，必须从可持续发展的高度对可持续科技创新的价值进行判定和衡量，人们需要建立新的、适合可持续发展需要的可持续科技创新评价体系，让可持续科技创新为全人类的可持续发展产生应有的推动作用。本文认为，随着全球问题的日益严重，可持续发展作为人类面向未来的一种整体发展战略日益得到了大家的认同。尽管可持续科技创新是在可持续发展提供的框架内建构起来的，但可持续发展离不开可持续科技创新的支持和支撑。可持续科技创新就是支持和支撑持续发展的科技创新。通过本课题的研究和讨论可以帮助我们进一步看到全球问题的严重性和紧迫性，为我们在科技水平上解决全球问题提供可供选择的方案；为探求“可持续发展”和“科教兴国”的契合点提供一种思路；为我们进一步追踪世界范围内的新科技革命，为我们赶超世界科技先进水平，加强我国的综合国力提供智力支持和价值导向。研究本课题可以帮助我们进一步把握“科<WP=57>学技术是第一生产力”这一科学论断，有助于培养、造就和提高全民族的科技意识；可以帮助我们科学地回答“科学技术悲观论”提出的问题，回击这一学科领域中的非理性主义思潮。研究本课题可以帮助我们深化科技哲学的研究，开拓科技哲学研究的新领域。文章通过对传统科技创新和可持续科技创新的比较，界定了可持续科技创新的概念和特征。可持续科技创新就是科技创新要符合和尊重可持续发展的要求，使科技创新的过程和结果既满足当前人们的需要又不影响后代人的需求，既满足本地区、本领域的需要又不危及其它地区、其它领域的需求，尽可能反映出最大化的科技创新的正效应，尽可能最小化其负效应，以适应经济、社会、自然协调发展，它的基本着眼点是社会和人的发展，是人类的整体和未来。文中从可持续科技创新所遵循的价值准则入手，介绍了可持续科技创新在可持续发展进程中对经济、社会、自然三个子系统的重要作用，提出只有依靠可持续的科技创新，才能突破可持续发展的种种制约，并试图建立新的、适合可持续发展要求的可持续科技创新的评价体系，利用数学模型，对可持续科技创新进行了定量化的评价，为人们正确认识、利用可持续科技创新成果提供了更有效、更直接的方法和手段。同时文中对哲学视野下的可持续科技创新的本质进行了阐述，认为，可持续科技创新是立足于人与自然的全面关系（即主客体关系和整体、部分的关系）来确立其价值观，其发展的价值取向和评价尺度是多维的，既有经济评价尺度——生产力标准，又有环境与生态评价尺度——维系生态多样性、合理而持续地利用资源，突出了社会经济系统与自然生态系统之间的协调一致。而两个系统能否相互促进，共同发展，最终取决于人类生态理念的形式和干预生态系统的程度、方式、方法和手段，取决于将二者融为一体的中介环节——技术系统。为此，需要我们坚持整体主义的环境伦理立场，对传统<WP=58>的科技观作出全新的价值选择，实现可持续科技发展的范式转换。为预见和预警人类动用技术力量改造自然的长远影响和后果，为正确评估人类生产活动的经济效益和生态效益提供科学依据。因此，运用唯物辩证法和生态系统的闭环系统原理，深入到“自然—科技—经济—社会—人类”这个更大的复合系统中去认识和把握可持续科技创新之间的支撑作用，建立以生物技术和信息技术为核心的可持续科技创新是实现环境与经济“双赢”的技术保证。 可持续的科技创新是人类在实现可持续发展目标进程中最有力的科技支撑。人们必须从观念、作用、评价标准、应用效果等方面对科技创新进行全面的再认识，特别是建立新的、适应可持续发展需求的评价体系，用具有普遍意义与科学依据的评价标准避免科技创新可能会对可持续发展产生的不良影响，保证科技创新沿着可持续发展的轨道造福于人类。可持续的科技创新是一种有约束、有节制、有规范的科技创新，是对当今人类面对困境做出的明智选择，这种科技创新是真正实现人的自由自觉发展的科技创新。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the middle of the 20th century, human being has created unprecedented material wealth with the fast development of science and technology and social productivity, and accelerated the development of human society. However, when human being feels joyful for material wealth created by itself, there appear the global drain of resources, energy crisis and the worse of ecological environment, and so on. These global serious problems are impeding the development of human society and threatening the future existence and development of human being. Where should the future innovation of science and technology go under the premise of sustainable development? What kind of innovation should mankind demand? How should mankind be engaged in his own activities of the innovation of science and technology? This essay tries to explain the following conclusion by defining and elaborating the concepts, characteristics, functions, evaluations and essences of the sustainable innovation of science and technology: the sustainable innovation of science and technology is the major power pushing the sustainable development; the sustainable development must depend on the sustainable innovation of science and technology. The future sustainable innovation of science and technology must be unified in the final goal of sustainable development, judged and measured by the standard of sustainable development. People need to establish new system of evaluation of sustainable innovation of science and technology, it can meet the demand of the sustainable development, and make the sustainable innovation of science and technology push the sustainable development of mankind.The author deems, as a whole strategy of future development, the sustainable development has been accepted by the whole world with the worse of global problems. Despite the sustainable innovation of science and technology is set up inside the frame of the sustainable development, but the sustainable development can not separate itself from the sustainable innovation of science and technology, the sustainable innovation of science and technology just support the sustainable development. Studying and discussing this question, may help us understand the gravity and urgency of global problems, provide reference programs for resolving the global problems and a thinking for seeking the development and the rejuvenation of China by science and technology and education, and provide a intelligence support and direction of value for tracking the global new technology revolution, catching up the advanced level of global science and <WP=60>technology and enhance integrated national strength. Studying this question may help us understand “science is the first productivity" and cultivate, train and improve technology consciousness of whole nation. It can help us answer the questions from pessimism of science and technology and counterattack this non-rationalism current of thought. Studying this question may help us deeply research the philosophy of science and expand new field of study of the philosophy of science and technology.The essay defines the concepts and characteristics of sustainable innovation of science and technology by comparing traditional innovation of science and technology with sustainable innovation of science and technology. The sustainable innovation of science and technology is just that the innovation of science and technology should match with the request of the sustainable development, and make the process and result of innovation of science and technology either meet the demand of the current person or not affect the demand of descendents, either satisfy the demand of local region or field or not endanger the demand of other region or field. Maximizing its the positive effect of innovation of science and technology and minimizing its negative effect to adapt to the coordinated development of economy, society and nature, its basic point is the development of human and society, whole and future of mankind.The essay introduces important functions of sustainable innov更多还原