【作者】 逄锦彩；

【导师】 杜莉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 国民经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着世界经济的飞速发展，世界发达国家早已经实现工业化。我国的经济发展也已进入小康社会阶段，但是又由于我国生产力和科技、教育还比较落后，实现工业化和现代化还有很长的路要走；城乡二元经济结构还没有改变，地区差距扩大的趋势尚未扭转，贫困人口还为数不少；人口总量继续增加，老龄人口比重上升，就业和社会保障压力增大；生态环境、自然资源和经济社会发展的矛盾日益突出；我们仍然面临发达国家在经济科技等方面占优势的压力；经济体制和其他方面的管理体制还不完善；民主法制建设和思想道德建设等方面还存在一些不容忽视的问题。因此，为了尽快赶上世界发达国家，我们必须实施跨越式发展，走新型工业化道路。本文在第一部分简要阐述了新型工业化道路的内涵与特征。首先阐述了工业化的定义，并指出工业化是一个历史范畴，具有与时俱进的特点，不同历史阶段其内涵也不同。工业化具有三大特性：一是过程性；二是先进性；三是体系性。新型工业化道路，是相对过去的工业化道路而言的，即在新的历史条件下体现时代特点、符合我国国情的工业化道路，是科技含量高、经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少、人力资源优势得到充分发挥的工业化道路。由新型工业化道路的内涵，我们不难得出新型工业化道路的特征，与传统工业化道路相比，新型工业化道路具有如下的特征：一是科技含量高；二是经济效益好；三是资源消耗低；四是环境污染少；五是人力资源优势得到充分发挥；六是信息化和工业化并举的工业化；七是可持续发展的工业化。本文第二部分首先介绍英国和美国的工业化模式。英国是世界上第一个工业化国家，是工业化的先驱者。英国的工业化进程，是从人类最古老的行业——农业开始的。农业的资本主义化是英国经济增长和工业化的强有力的促进因素和前提条件。不同于后起的工业化国家，英国工业化进程中基本没利用外国投资，同时也没得到国家的投资。美利坚民族在数百年间能够崛起为世界工业霸主。在某种意义上可以说，美国的工业化是英国工业化的经验在北美大陆上的一种延伸。美国经济增长的一个主要因素是<WP=41>有其得天独厚的自然条件，有非常丰富的资源。美国的工业化正是在此基础上发展起来。促进美国经济迅速扩展的另一个重要因素是移民。与英国不同的是，美国政府在美国历史发展的每个阶段都对其经济产生重大的影响。第三世界的发展基本上是一种政府为主导的发展类型。印尼发展模式最主要的特点是军人集团在发展过程中起着决定性的作用，印尼军人政府通过一系列措施，将一个文化、经济有巨大差异，政治不稳定的国家整合成一个具有共同民族认同感的国家，这对印尼的经济发展提供了基本条件，为以后印尼军人政府贯彻执行自己的经济政策铺平了道路。韩国经济发展模式的最大特点就是政府对经济的干预与经济发展计划的高度集中，没有韩国政府强大的干预，韩国的经济奇迹是不可能出现的。然而，这一发展模式与西方正统的完全竞争的经济制度是背离的。通过对英美模式和印尼韩国模式，我们可以得出以下结论：首先是市场经济对实现工业化是非常重要的；其次，与发达国家不同的是，发展中国家面临的发展形势与发达国家已经有巨大的差别；再次，发展过程中的对外贸易和对外开放也是一个十分重要的问题。本文第三部分分析了我国走新型工业化道路的原因。首先，工业化是经济发展的必然阶段。走新型工业化道路是我国社会和经济发展规律的客观要求，是我国实现现代化的必由之路；其次，走新型工业化道路是我国经济发展新阶段的要求，实现工业化，大力推进信息化，加快建设现代化，保持国民经济持续、快速、健康发展，不断提高人民生活水平，走我国传统的工业化道路是无法实现的；再次，随着世界经济、科技的发展，特别是信息网络技术发展迅猛，必然要求我们必须实行跨越式发展，把信息化和工业化结合起来；另外我国以前经济发展是以消耗能源、牺牲环境为代价，现在我们必须实施可持续发展战略；最后，由于我国人口众多，既要实现工业化，又要实现，充分就业，走共同富裕的道路，我们必须走新型工业化道路。走新型工业化道路既符合我国现实国情，又适应世界经济发展的新趋势，既是工业化发展的一般规律，又是我们反思人类已有的对工业化道路的探索。本文第四部分分析了我国实施新型工业化战略所面临的主要问题。<WP=42>首先给出了国际上衡量一个国家工业化程度的指标体系，根据这个指标体系中的各个指标，我们不难发现我国工业化的任务尚未完成，实现工业化仍然是我国现代化进程中艰巨的历史性任务。我国要通过实施新型工业化战略，到2020年实现下列目标：一是到2020年这一指标要达到3000美元（2000年汇率计算）；二是工业制造业的增加值提高到64%左右；三是从事农业的劳动力比重到2020年降低到30%左右；四是城市化水平到2020年达到55%左右。此外生态环境有明显改善。我国实施新型工业化战略面临的问题：一是工业制造业的素质不高；二是城乡二元经济结构矛盾突出，特别是“三农”问题比较棘手；三是人口与就业的压力巨大；四是资源利用粗放，生态环境恶化，形势比较严峻；五是我国经济的国际竞争力?更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of the world economy, the developed countries have already realized industrialization. The development of our country’s economy has also entered the social stage of well-to-do level, but because of our country productivity、science、technology and education are also relatively backward, realization of industrialization and modernization still needs a very long way to go; the dualistic economic structure in urban and rural areas has not changed yet, the trend that regional disparity expands has not been turned back and poor population comes up to a large number; the total amount of population continues increasing, aged population proportion rises, and employment and social security increase with a heavy pressure; the contradictions of ecological environment, natural resources and socio-economic development are outstanding day by day. We still face the dominant pressure in economy, science and technology etc. of developed countries. The management system of economic system and other respects are also not perfect. Some questions that can’t be ignored exist in democracy and legal system building and other respects, such as morals and thoughts construction. So, in order to catch up with the developed countries in the world as soon as possible, we must implement crossing over type development and take the new-typed industrialized road.The first part this thesis has explained the intension and characteristic of the new-typed industrialized road briefly. It has explained the definition of industrialization at first, and points out that industrialization is a historical category which has the characteristic of growing with time, and its intension changes in different historical stages. Industrialization has three major characteristics: the first is the course; the second is the advancement and third is the system. New-typed industrialized road is as to the industrialized road in the past, that is it embodies the era characteristic and accords with the national conditions of our country under the new historical condition and It is also the industrialized road in which the scientific and technological content is high, economy is profitable, resources are consumed low, there is little environmental pollution, and the manpower resources advantage is fully used. <WP=44>We can easily draw a conclusion of the characteristic of new-typed industrialized road from its intension. Compared with traditional industrialized road, It has the following characteristics: First, the scientific and technological content is high; Second, economy is profitable; Third, resources are consumed low; Fourth, there is little environmental pollution; Fifth, manpower resources advantages are fully used; Sixth, the industrialization that the informationization and industrialization develop simultaneously; Seventh is the industrialization of sustainable development.The second part of this thesis firstly introduces the industrialization models in Britain and the U.S.A. Britain is the first industrialized country in the world and it is the trailblazer of industrialization. The industrialized process of Britain begins from the most ancient trade of the mankind –agriculture. The capitalism of agricultures promotes British economic growth and industrialization powerfully and it is also the precondition condition. Different from the newly developed industrialized countries, Britain has not utilized foreign investment basically in Britain’s industrialized process , and has not gotten the national investment either at the same time. American can emerge as the overlord of industry of world during several hundred years. It can say in a certain sense, the industrialization of U.S.A. is a kind of experience of British industrialization that is extended in North America continent. A main factor of the American economic growth is that it has its natural conditions richly endowed by nature, and it has very abundant resources. The industrialization of U.S.A. just develops on this basis. Emigration is another important factor to make America更多还原