【作者】 夏文静；

【导师】 吴景惠；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2004， 硕士

【副题名】《金色笔记》的苏菲主义解读

【摘要】 作为多丽丝·莱辛的主要作品，《金色笔记》自30年前面世以来始终在当代文坛上占居主要地位。它不仅在读者心中占居了不可动摇的位置，同时也吸引了文学领域中的专家。它的魅力犹如一块磁石，使它的周围聚集了当代各种流派的评论家：从女权主义到现代主义、后现代主义再到马克思主义，从心理分析到哲学、社会学再到经济学。因为这部小说自身就是一部百科全书。尽管莱辛本人一直强烈反对被冠以任何“主义”，她仍旧承认，虽然《金色笔记》写于她正式转向苏非主义之前，但这是她最具苏非特色的一本小说。苏非主义并非解读《金色笔记》的唯一途径，但它为我们提供了另一个理解的角度，这也正是本文的立足点。《金色笔记》中的女主人公，安娜·沃尔夫，是一个在情感生活中屡屡受伤的单身母亲。爱、家庭、事业、甚至政治希望统统与之无缘。由于安娜看似自由的生活从性爱到政治、从事业到心理纷纷面临崩溃，她为自己准备了四本笔记：黑色笔记关于作家安娜·沃尔夫；红色笔记记载了安娜的政治生活；黄色笔记是安娜以自身经历为模板创作的小说；蓝色笔记则是她的日记。出于对崩溃和混乱的恐惧，安娜同时在这四本笔记上写作。当她能够面对生活中的混乱时，便结束了这四本笔记，开始了一本新的“金色笔记”。完善是苏非主义中的一个基本要素。苏非主义者的终极目标是将单个人的自我化为灰烬，这样就能获得“灵魂中的灵魂”，与上帝合而为一。依据苏非主义，个人完美的获得要经历四个连续的阶段：自我放逐、自我启示、自我完善、超越自我。本文旨在从苏非主义的角度解读安娜从心理崩溃到重获完善的过程所历经的阶段。 <WP=72>黑色笔记和红色笔记记载了安娜的“自我放逐”阶段。当一个人想重新认识自我和外部世界时，他必须先放弃脑海中固有的观念。也就是说，在安娜获得自我完善之前，她必须经历挫折，促使她抛弃旧有观念、信仰。安娜首先在种族主义活动和政治活动中寻求答案。但她后来发现，非洲当地居民要么是生活在乌托邦中的理想主义者，要么是生活在现实中的机会主义者。这就使得志在救助他们的白人要么幻灭放弃，要么变成了统治力量的一分子。甚至连她取材于这段经历的小说也成了虚无主义的代表。红色笔记中记载的安娜的党内生涯也同样让人失望。她对党内官僚的行径感到厌恶，并意识到在这种疯狂的政治活动中，她终将一无所获。因此，她选择了退出。当种族主义活动和政治生活的消极影响带给安娜相当严重的混乱感时，也就要求安娜放弃旧有信仰，并转向内心的更深层。安娜的“自我启示”阶段在她的黄色笔记和蓝色笔记中得到了反映。摆脱了外部世界附加于她的消极因素，安娜转向了对内心的探求。黄色笔记是安娜的一部名为《第三者的影子》的小说。通过她本人在小说中的虚构自我爱拉的形象，安娜发现了一个在混乱世界中的混乱自我，并力图认清自己的情感和性爱本质。她逐渐认识到了自身中导致她依附地位的特质，并学会了如何表达自己对性爱的要求而并非单纯受制于人。尽管在黄色笔记的结尾处，安娜笔下的爱拉仍是一个未完成的形象，但安娜已经开始积极面对痛苦。从苏非主义的角度看，这种积极面对，也是帮助获得自我完善的一种方式。蓝色笔记中的马克思夫人是以安娜的精神向导的形象出现的，安娜将其作为衡量自己艺术生涯的尺度。通过对安娜的梦的解析，马克思夫人引领安娜进入深层次的感知。尽管马克思夫人无法代替安娜去领会生活中的秩序，安娜必须自己身体力行这一过程，但这仍然是她获得自我完善过程中的一个转折点。在最后的金色笔记中，在与索尔·格林相遇后，安娜完成了她的“自<WP=73>我完善”。此时安娜摒弃了来自内外的消极影响，从而走向完善。索尔·格林是一个与安娜同样在混乱中承受折磨的美国作家。他和安娜“彼此反映，成为彼此的一部分，形成整体”。他们“打破了旧有的错误模式，那些他们用来支撑自己和对方的模式从而瓦解”。而安娜开始认清了她的“写作障碍”，并意识到，生命的本质并不是那些英雄壮举，而是面对社会邪恶和不公时所表现出来的看似微小的勇气和耐力。她也意识到，世界上有远比男女两性之间的对峙更为重要的东西。她由此重获了自我的完善并成为她改写的西西弗斯神话中推动全人类进步的“推石者”之一。然而，由于《金色笔记》写于莱辛转向苏非主义的转折点，这也就决定了主人公安娜在其寻求自我完善的探求中无法进一步深入。如小说中所表现的，安娜一一经历了自我完善的前三个阶段，但她无法完成最后一步。也就是说，她可以重获完善自我，但无法经历那种永恒的转变与上帝合而为一。但无论怎样，莱辛毕竟通过“推石者”的比喻为读者描绘了一个光明的未来，这点是值得赞许的。更多还原

【Abstract】 As Doris Lessing’s masterpiece, The Golden Notebook remains a staple coin in the currency of contemporary culture, registering since its publication 30 years ago the real gold value of novels that appeal to a general readership and engage, at the same time, scholars of the literary period. Further, it has, like a forceful magnet, pulled to itself the fibers of many contemporary concerns: feminist, modernist, postmodernist, Marxist, psychoanalytical, philosophical, social, and economic. For the novel is encyclopedic.For Lessing herself, although she has been vehemently and consistently opposed to labeling and compartmentalizing under any “ism”, she still admits that The Golden Notebook, written before she encounters Sufism, is her “most Sufi book”. It cannot be claimed that Sufism is the ultimate key to interpreting her work, and it offers another level for our understanding, which is just the perspective of this paper.The emblematically named protagonist, Anna Freeman Wulf, is now unmarried and a single parent engaged in hurt love affairs, one which remains divorced from love, family, work, even political hope. Since Anna’s apparently free life is “cracking up” sexually, politically, professionally, and psychologically, she keeps four notebooks: a black notebook, which is to do with Anna Wulf the writer; a red notebook, concerned with politics; a yellow notebook, in which Anna makes stories out of her experience; and a blue notebook which tries <WP=67>to be a diary. She keeps the four notebooks out of fear of chaos and of breakdown. Once she is able to deal with the fragmentation in her life, she gives up writing in the four notebooks and buys a “Golden Notebook”.Concept of wholeness is among the building blocks of Sufism. Sufi’s ultimate goal is to burn his ego and his individual soul until they are extinguished, on which point they attain “the soul of the soul” and become one with God. According to Sufism, this consummation of one’s perfection is realized in four subsequent stages of “self becoming emptied”, “self becoming illuminated”, “self becoming adorned” and “self-having-passed-away”. This paper intends to analyze Anna’s process from psychological destruction to reintegration according to these stages through the form of her notebooks.The Black Notebook and Red Notebook record Anna’s “self becoming emptied” stage. If one wants to get new understanding about himself and the world, he must abandon his old belief and experience. That is to say, before Anna gets her self-perfection, she has to experience some obstacles in order to abandon her old belief. Anna first resorts to racial and political activities for solution. But later she finds that the natives in African range from purely idealistic to purely opportunistic, and the white become either disillusioned or part of the dominant order. Even her novel set on this experience proves to present only nihilism, which is recorded in the Black <WP=68>Notebook. Her experience as a Communist in the Red Notebook is also disappointing. She feels distaste and disgust for the official party’s behavior. She realizes that she has accomplished nothing in all the “frenzied political activity” in which she has been involved, so she leaves the party. When the disturbing effect of racial and Communist activities bring the sense of fragmentation to Anna to an especially serious degree, it demands her to abandon all her old believes and move on to a further level of commitment.Anna’s “self becoming illuminated” stage is reflected in the Yellow Notebook and the Blue Notebook. After abandoning the negative qualities attached by the outside world, Anna begins to work on her inner being. The Yellow Notebook includes a novel, The Shadow of the Third. Through her fictional double, Ella, Anna finds her fragmentation in a fragmented world, and tries to get the acknowledgement of her emotional and sexual nature. She gradually understands those qualities that have led her into dependent relationships and learns to express her sexual needs in更多还原