【作者】 高文博；

【导师】 吴宇晖；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 西方经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 人类进入 ２１ 世纪，技术创新在经济活动中的作用越来越重要，同样，近些年来人们对技术创新经济学的研究也越来越深入，本文以熊彼特的创新思想为起点，概括性地对技术创新经济学的发展过程进行了回顾，进而对其发展原因加以分析，总结了这一学科的最新进展以及通过这项研究给我们带来的启示。全文共分为五个部分：　　　　　第一部分，引言。这一部分简要地概括了现代技术创新经济学的理论渊源及其发展历程，进而指出本文的写作目的，及文章的论述脉络。　　　　　第二部分，熊彼特的创新思想。众所周知，熊彼特的是现代技术创新理论的开山鼻祖，对于一篇评述技术创新经济学的文章而言，回顾熊彼特的创新思想是有必要的。熊彼特在其 １９１２ 出版的德文版《经济发展理论》一书中首次提出了“创新”的概念，自此引发了近一个世纪的创新研究。在这部著作中，熊彼特将“经济发展”看作是“根本的经济现象”，而“创新”则是推动经济发展的根本动力。熊彼特以创新为核心概念，对信用、资本、利息以及企业家等经济运行中的重要基本概念的定义和功能进行重新表述，形成了自己特有的经济发展理论体系。此后，在其另外两部重要著作《经济周期》和《资本主义、社会主义与民主》中运用其创新思想分别对资本主义经济波动和社会演进进行了具体分析。尽管其理论学说难免有其局限和缺陷，但它仍为以后的经济学研究提供了重要的理论线索，具有重要的开创意义。　　　　　第三部分，现代技术创新理论的发展。由于熊彼特的思想偏离当时新古典经济学主流，所以《经济发展理论》一书的出版，并未引起人们的注意。直到 １９３４ 年此书英文版的问世，情况才略有好转。但人们真正承认 37<WP=42>熊彼特学说的时间是从 ２０ 世纪 ５０ 年代开始的。熊彼特之后西方学者在技术创新方面研究工作主要围绕三个方面展开：一是新古典经济学家为将技术进步纳入到新古典经济学的理论框架中所做的努力，其结果就是以罗伯特·索洛为代表的新古典经济增长理论以及近年来发展声势颇大的新增长理论；二是以美国经济学家纳尔逊为代表的以进化观点分析技术创新和经济增长；三是以英国苏塞克斯大学科学政策研究所的弗里曼教授为代表，侧重研究技术创新的方式、途径、机制以及影响因素等问题，经验研究和案例分析为其突出特点。本文这一部分，简要地回顾了自哈罗德—多马模型以来新古典增长理论的发展（包括近期发展起来的新增长理论），在此基础上详细介绍了技术创新经济学的进化理论以及其 ＳＰＲＵ 传统。　　　　　第四部分，技术创新经济学发展的原因。这一部分对近半个世纪以来技术创新经济学的发展原因进行了分析。作者认为主要包括三个方面：首先，技术创新经济学的发展得益于熊彼特创新思想的召唤。正如前文所说，尽管自亚当·斯密等古典经济学家以来，人们就已经认识到技术进步对经济发展的重要意义，但是始终将技术看作经济发展的外生变量，没能将其纳入经济分析之中。正是熊彼特最先将技术创新引入了经济分析，而且将其作为核心概念加以运用。尽管如此，对技术创新的具体机理熊彼特却没有给出令人满意的解释，技术创新经济学正是为了弥补这一缺陷而应运而生。其次，技术创新经济学的发展针对的是新古典增长理论的致命缺陷。二战以后，宏观经济学的分析逐渐从对经济波动研究转移到经济增长上来，与此同时也越来越注意到技术进步对经济增长的作用。尽管新古典理论模型经过半个世纪的发展完善，可以说已经达到了一种近乎精致的程度，但是仍未能对技术创新的具体机理进行系统研究，而这些正是技术创新经济学努力进行的工作。最后，技术创新经济学的发展还源于对主流经济学研究方法的反思。注重规范分析而缺乏对现实经验的解释分析是当代 38<WP=43>主流经济理论的一个重要特点，而现代技术创新经济学的研究企图弥补这种规范分析与解释分析相割裂的状态。由此可见，对研究方法的反思同样可以看作是技术创新经济学发展的动力之一。　　　　　第五部分，总结与启示。本文这一部分首先对技术创新经济学近半个世纪的发展进行了简要总结，进而阐明了其最新的发展动向。最后作者指出了通过本文的写作得出的启示以及我国技术创新经济学的研究现状。更多还原

【Abstract】 When the mankind enters 21st century, the role in economic activity oftechnological innovation is more and more important. Meanwhile, people havestudied more and more deeply on Economics of Technological Innovation inthe last few years. This essay regards Schumpeter’s innovation thought as thestarting point and generally reviews the growth of economics of technologicalinnovation, and then analyses the impetus of evolution of Economics ofTechnological Innovation. In the end, I summarize the latest tendency in thisfield and the enlightenment which this research brings to us. The essayincludes five parts: The first part: preface. This part has briefly summarized the theoreticalorigin of the Economics of Technological Innovation and its development, andthen point out the writing purpose of this essayand the thread of the article. The second part: Schumpeter’s innovation thought. As everyone knows,Schumpeter is the most important pioneer of Economics of TechnologicalInnovation, so it’s necessary to introduce Schumpeter’s innovation thought inan article of reviewing economics of technological innovation. In his book ofGerman edition “The Theory of Economic Development: An inquiry into profits,capital, credit, interest and the business cycle”published in 1912, he initiated theconcept of “innovation”, since then he has caused the deep study oninnovation for at last one century. In this book, Schumpeter regarded“economic development”as “basic economic phenomenon”, and “innovation”as the basic motive force of driving economic development. He regardedinnovation as a key concept, and on this basis he redefined some basicconcepts in the economic operation such as credit, capital, interest andentrepreneur, etc. So he had formed his own theoretical system of economicdevelopment. After this, in his two other important works “Business Cycles”and “Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy”, he separately made analysis ofcapitalist economic fluctuation and social gradual progress. Though his theoryhas its limitation unavoidably, it still offers the important theoretical clue foreconomics researchinthe future, and had important initialmeanings. The third part: the development of the modern theory of technologicalinnovation. Because Schumpeter’s thought deviates from mainstreameconomics at that time, the publication of the book of “The Theory of Economic 40<WP=45>Development”have not drawn people’s attention. The situation did not slightlytake a favorable turn until the English edition was published in 1934. Butpeople have really accepted Schumpeter’s theory since the fifties of the 20thcentury. The western scholar’s study on technological innovation mainlylaunch around three respects: First, neoclassical economists made efforts inorder to bring the technological progress issue into the theory frame ofneoclassical economics, it result in neoclassical economic growth theoryrepresented by Robert Solow and new growth theory in recent years; Second,represented by Nelson, some economists analyses the technological innovationand economic growth by a evolutionary view; Third, represented by Freemanof the Scientific Policy Research Unit of Britain Sussex University, somepeople lay particular emphasis on method, mechanism and influence factors oftechnological innovation. The experiential research and analysis of cases stressthe characteristic for it. In this part, I briefly review the development ofneoclassical growth theory from Harold-Domar Model to new growth theory,and then introduced the evolution theory of technological innovation and itsSPRU tradition in detail on the basis of this. The fourth part: the reason of development of technological innovationeconomics. The author thinks the reason mainly includes three respects: Firstof all, the development benefits from the calling of Schumpeter’s innovationthought. Just as we have pointed out, though classical ec更多还原