【作者】 王丽丽；

【导师】 许志晋；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 科学技术哲学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 知识经济作为一种全新的经济形态，正在显示着勃勃生机。它将成为21世纪的主导型经济形态，它以现代科学技术为核心，建立在知识和信息的生产、存储、使用和消费之上。这一普遍认可的概念说明，知识经济的实质在于以知识的不断创新带动经济发展的质的飞跃，就是知识创新。在知识经济时代，促进知识创新转化，即促进知识创新成果的商品化、产业化，走知识与经济一体化道路是一种世界性的趋向。实际上，人类社会发展的产业史就是一部技术进步史，而技术进步的关键又在于技术的创新。技术创新是企业生存和发展的保证，是国家竞争力的重要来源。本文将三种经济时代下技术创新的特征进行比较分析，进而阐明知识经济时代下技术创新所独具的特征。知识成为技术创新的核心，而对知识的保护则贯穿于技术创新的始末。随着人们权利意识的不断深化，知识产权保护的意识也逐渐渗透到生活的各个领域。对技术创新的知识产权保护日益重要起来。纵观整个人类历史，从小农经济到大工业时代再到知识经济时代，技术的发展和应用是以加速度的方式前进的。尤其到了知识经济时代，其地位更是举足轻重。在人类漫长的5000年农业经济时代，土地是最重要的资源，从事农业生产在当时不需要丰富的知识，只要有足够的经验就可以应付了。工业经济时代的诞生是以近代科学技术的诞生和发展为前提的，工业经济的不断发展，不但使大工业生产不断产生新的因素，而且日益显示出知识的重要，显示出科学技术对生产的有力推动作用。而在知识经济时代，知识成为经济发展的源泉。但是知识不能自然而然地导致经济竞争的优势，只有使知识与经济有机地结合起来，形成比较对称的一体化发展趋势，竞争实力才能增强，综合国力才会提高。技术创新在知识创新转化过程中起着主导作用。既然技术创新起着这么重要的作用，我们有必要对技术创新进行研究。技术创新有其一般特征，比如创新性、系统性、不确定性等。创新性是技术创新的本质特征。从整个技术创新过程来看，即从创新设想的提出和确认，到技术开发，再到技术成果有效应用于市场开拓，都是创造性的活动；而且具有系统性，技术创新不仅在内部结构层次上具有整体性，同时也与外部环境紧密相关；再有就是市场性，市场是技术创新的源泉和动力，也是技术创新的出发点和归宿；而且技术创新的整个过程<WP=47>是不确定的，也就是说从研发到生产到扩散等阶段都具有不确定性。而且，它的收益并非为创新者独自享有，非创新者可以通过模仿或者其他方式分享创新收益。事物总是在不断地发生着变化，技术创新也不例外。在新的经济形态——知识经济时代下它又显示出新的特征。首要的就是：知识成为技术创新的核心。与以往的时代相比，以知识创新为主要依靠的生产活动和社会活动是这个时代实践的典型特征，是社会发展与进步的基本模式。在以往的经济时代中，创新更多地是一种自发的行为。自发创新可以产生于生存的压力，也可以产生于对环境的直接反应，也就是在问题情境中摸索出适应环境的方式与解决问题的途径；在知识经济时代，社会进步逐步达到了对创新形成一种社会自觉的高度，造成了最有利于创新的社会条件。在这样的时代背景下，技术创新发展的频率必然不断地加速。创新的频率加快使得竞争的规律从大者取胜变为快者取胜，谁行动快谁就会取得优势，并可能保持这种优势。如果不能捷足先登，那就意味着已经输了这一轮比赛，硅谷的一句俗话就是“速度是神，时间是鬼”。科技的发展，使得整个世界联系得愈加紧密，系统化的观点也告诉我们发展离不开协作，没有外力的推动，只依靠自身的力量是无法取得进步的。技术创新更趋向于协作化。在协作的过程中，技术创新的每一步骤都离不开知识，那么对知识的产权保护又自然而然地被提到了重要的位置。可以说，在知识经济时代，技术创新应该运用知识产权策略，即把知识产权贯穿于技术创新的始终，从头到脚地保护，这样容易激发创新者的积极性，给他们创新的动力和源泉。有利于经济的进步和国家的综合国力的提高。同时，可持续发展的技术创新将承担为人类解决更大的全球性危机的重任。技术创新任重而道远，我们必须对它加以保护。但是当前对于技术创新的知识产权保护还存在着很多问题。首先就是人们的知识产权意识淡薄，这是由我国的国情决定的。我国知识产权保护工作起步较晚，基础薄弱，与国际知识产权发展的形势差距较大。另外，企业作为技术创新的主体，却没有成为拥有自主知识产权的主体，这充分暴露了中国现代企业缺乏明确的知识产权保护意识，不重视通过拥有技术创新成果的自主知识产权来增强企业的核心竞争力。知识产权的工作机构也不健全，又缺乏激励机制，导致知识产权的权益流失严重。面对这种种问题，本文从几个方面相对应地提出几点建议，未必新颖，意求抛砖引玉。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of new economic conformation, the knowledge economy is showing the thriving vitality. It will become the predominant economy type in the 21st century, and it regards modern science and technique as the core, based on the production，saving ，usage and consumption of the information and knowledge. This generally accepted concept shows that the essential of the knowledge economy is knowledge innovation, namely, using innovated knowledge to promote the leap of the economy development. In the knowledge economy era, it is a tendency to promote the transform of the knowledge innovation all over the world, that is, to promote knowledge innovation outcome’s commercializing and dustrializing, and to promote the combination of knowledge and economy.Actually, the industry history of human social development is the history of technological progress, and the key of technological progress lies in technological innovation. The technological innovation not only is the assurance of the enterprise’s survival and development, but also is an important source of national competitiveness. This essay gives a contrast analysis with the characteristic of technological innovation in three kinds of economic eras, and then expounds the particular characteristic of technological innovation in era of knowledge economy. Knowledge becomes the core of technological innovation, and the protection of knowledge runs through in the whole story of technological innovation. With the constant deepening of people’s right consciousness, the consciousness of intellectual property protection permeates gradually every field of our lives. The intellectual property protection of technological innovation is getting more and more important.Making a general survey of the whole human history, we can find <WP=49>the development and using of technology advances by way of acceleration form the era of agricultural economy to great industrial and then to knowledge-driven economy. It plays a more and more important role especially in the era of knowledge economy. In the 5000 years’ economic era of agriculture, land is the most important resource. It doesn’t need abundant knowledge at that time to engage in agricultural production, and it can be dealt so long as there is enough experience. The birth and development of modern science and technology is the prerequisite of the coming of industrial economy era.The continuous development of the industrial economy not only produces new factors constantly for great industrial production, but also demonstrates the importance of knowledge day by day, which shows the advance of science and technology has promoted production greatly. In the era of knowledge economy, knowledge has become the source of economic development, but knowledge can’t cause the advantage of economic competition naturally. It is only through making the knowledge and economy combine organically, and forming the relatively symmetrical integration development trend that strengthens the competition and the overall national strength can be improved. So the technological innovation plays a leading role while the knowledge innovation is transformed.Since the technological innovation is so important, it is necessary for us to study the technological innovation. It has its general characteristic, such as innovation, systematicness, and unconfirmability and so on. Innovation is the essential characteristic. The whole technological innovation course——from the innovating concepts to the developed technology, then to the technological achievement used in the market research in effect—— is a creative activity with systematicness. The technological innovation not merely has integrity on the inside structure, but has relation with the external environment condition. The marketability indicates that the market is the <WP=50>source and motive force of technological innovation, and also the starting point and home of technological innovation. From the whole course, technological innovation is unconfirmed, which means that the stages from resear更多还原