【作者】 金明；

【导师】 蒋岩波；

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 ， 经济法， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着互联网技术的发展及电子计算机的广泛运用，人类社会正步入信息时代，电子商务随之应运而生，并且正飞速在世界范围内扩展。电子商务作为一种交易方式，其法律表现形态通常是通过电子合同完成的。作为一种新型的合同形式，电子合同以无形的网络空间为运行载体，以电子数据为传输内容，没有时间和空间的限制，大大提高了交易效率，从而成为信息时代标准的、主要的交易模式。电子合同与传统合同相比存在许多不同之处，从合同的订立到合同纠纷的解决都对传统合同法提出了挑战。事实上，与电子合同有关的法律问题是非常复杂的，但笔者认为，电子合同的形式、成立和生效，合同当事人身份的认定，合同效力的认定，以及由于网络这一特殊媒介的出现而大量出现的电子格式合同等在传统合同中从未出现过的一些特殊问题，都是源于其意思表示的电子化特点。因此本文在对电子意思表示进行分析的基础上对几个目前存在较大争议的问题作一番粗浅的探讨。本文共分五部分：导论部分首先明确了电子合同的定义，并在介绍国内外立法现状的同时，也探讨了电子合同的特点以及我国对电子合同立法的必要性。第一章是关于电子意思表示问题。该部分首先介绍了电子意思表示的概念、分类、形式归属及特点。然后对电子意思表示的三个主要问题：电子要约与电子承诺的认定问题：电子意思表示生效问题；电子意思表示的撤回与撤销问题进行评述分析。文中认为网上商品信息是否构成要约应视电子商务性质加以区分：服务贸易的形式的电子商务的信息构成要约，实物贸易的电子商务的信息则视为要约邀请。电子合同也是合同的一种形式，不论要约的到达与承诺的作出之间的时间间隔如何短，都不应该剥夺要约人撤销权。第二章对电子签名问题进行了探讨。该部分着重探讨了电子签名的法律地位、效力以及认证机构的风险与责任。笔者认为认证机构在承担违约责任与侵权责任的同时，当使用者未尽到妥善保管电子签名和当电子签名被侵害时及时通知各方的义务而对自己的利益造成损害时，认证机构不予承担责任。在法律对认证机构责任作出一般性规定的同时，应当允许认证机构对自己所承担责任的豁免与限制以格式条款的形式在其与用户所签订协议中作出规定，但认证机构所拟定的免责条款不能超出法定许可范围。第三章是关于电子代理人问题的研究。笔者首先分析了电子代理人的法律地位，认为电子代理人自动交易行为的结果应当归属于最终支配人，对其具有法律约束力，但从维护交易安全出发，电子代理人应具备一定的条件方能代表其最终支配人的意思表示.对于电子代理人的错误，笔者主张一般情况下由电子代理人的本人承担，若交易相对人理应知道或在已知道的情况下仍依此错误行事，则由交易相对人自己承担责任。 第四章是电子格式合同问题。笔者指出我国对电子格式合同效力的问题上应当以效率而非公平作为价值取向，以这一准则衡量点击合同的法律效力符合电子商务即时、迅捷的要求.软件拆封合同作为格式合同使用，可以降低交易成本，也方便将软件使用的担保或放弃担保事宜通知用户，所以应当突破“要约和承诺”这一狭窄而严格的模式，赋予拆封合同以法律效力。 由于电子合同的立法与研究，在我国尚缺乏实践，笔者引用了大量的国际组织及外国的电子合同法律规定，并对其进行分析，旨在从中找到共性的、规律性的东西，以便在我国的立法与实践中可以择其良者而用之，为我国的司法和实践按提供有价值的参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of the technology of internet and the wide use of electronic computer, the society of mankind witnesses the approaching information age in which the electronic business develops with a very high speed. As a means of transaction, electronic business normally is accomplished by electronic contract from the perspective of legal revelation. Electronic contract, the new type of contract, gets transaction running more efficiently with invisible net space as its carrier and electronic data as its transmitted content, without any limit of time and space, becoming the standard and essential transaction mode in the information age.Compared with traditional contract, electronic contract differs a lot which challenges the traditional contract from contract-making and dispute solution. Actually, legal issues about electronic contract are very sophisticated. However, the author argues that the special issues, which have never appeared in traditional contract, stem from the electronic feature of the meanings expressed by the contract, such as the form, existence and effectiveness of electronic contract, the identification of parties and effectiveness, as well as a large number of electronic format contracts with the special media- internet. Therefore, the present paper attempts to explore the electronic meaning expression and its relative issues, which are debating in the present.The present paper falls into five parts. First, the introduction presents the definition of electronic contract. Second, reviewing the status quo of legislation abroad and domestically, the author also probes into features of electronic contract and the necessity of legislation of electronic contract in China.Chapter one deals with issues of electronic declaration of will. The author firstly introduces the definition, classification, form and features of electronic declaration of will, then analyzes and evaluates three major problems: the identification of offer and acceptance in the electronic contract; the issue of giving effect to electronic declaration of will, and the withdrawal and the revocability of the declaration of will. The paper holds the point that the standard to judge the information in the Internet to be offer should be the essential of the E-Business. So the information in the service trade can be seen as offer, while the information in the goods trade cannot As one form of contract, no matter how short between the arrival of offer and made of acceptance, the revocable right of the offerer shouldn’t be ripped.Chapter two is on the issue of electronic signature, emphasizing in the legal statues,effect of electronic signature, the risk and responsibility of certificate authority. The author believes though the certificate authority takes the duty of tort and breach, when the user ignore keeping electronic signature safely resulting the damage of the signature, the certificate authority can get away from the responsibility. That’s to say, although there have been regular guides on the obligations of certificate authority, certificate authority also has the right to put the limitations of liability in the contract with users in the form of standard terms in the legal limit.Chapter three is on the problem of electronic agent. The author firstly analyses the legal status of electronic agent and thinks that the results of electronic agent automatic transaction should belong to the final controller who will take the binding. But considering the transaction safeness, the author support that usually the electronic agent’s controller takes the responsibility and the transaction counter partner takes in the case he should know or has known the fault and insist on it.Chapter four talks about the electronic standard form contract. The author points that the effectiveness of electronic standard form contract should base on the efficiency but not on fairness. On this doctrine click agreement fits the immediate and quick request of E-Business. Shrink-wrap license agreement can not only reduce the transaction cost but als更多还原