【作者】 孟欣；

【导师】 姜学民；

【作者基本信息】 青岛大学 ， 人口、资源与环境经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 人力资本是人的健康、体能、教育、知识、技能等的综合体，它存在于人体之中，通过投资形成，能够带来未来收益的增加。除具有资本的共性外，人力资本还具有它本身的特征，主要表现在它的两重性、价值属性和产权属性上。基于这些特点，人力资本在其使用和循环过程中，能够实现价值的增长。关注人力资本的投资、形成，实现人力资本的保值增值，促进人的全面发展，乃是人类社会经济发展的永恒主题，特别是在知识经济即将来临的今天，大力开发人力资源，走以人力资本为依托的经济发展之路，已成为大势所趋。正如贝克尔所说，“在当代世界，你必须努力开发人力资本，不掌握大量的知识，没有一个国家会成功。” 本文的主题是我国人力资本增值状态与对策，全文吸收借鉴国内外在人力资本理论研究与实践活动等领域中的现有成果，综合运用规范分析与实证分析相结合、逻辑分析与历史分析相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合等具体分析方法，力求全面系统地论述人力资本增值的基本要点，以及我国人力资本增值状态，并提出相应对策。 本文除引言和结论外，共分四部分，分别是人力资本分析、人力资本增值、我国人力资本增值状态分析和我国人力资本增值的对策。具体的内容安排是： 第一部分，从人力资本的产生开始，论述了人力资本的内涵，并通过人力资本与其他资本的比较，详细阐明了人力资本两重性、价值属性和产权属性等特征，以此作为人力资本增值的理论基础。 摘要 第二部分，着重分析了人力资本的投资和形成。在教育投资、在职培训投资、医疗卫生保健投资、“干中学”投资、迁移与职业选择投资等五种投资基础上，通过与物质资本的结合，经过“投资一一实践一一再投资一一再实践”的过程，才真正形成人力资本，而个人在此过程中人力资本内在质量呈现进一步提高的动态良性循环，即为个体意义上的人力资本增值，同时整个社会在知识传递和人才流动情况下，实现了整体人力资本增值。这一部分的最后，概括了人力资本增值对经济增长的作用。 第三部分，分析了我国人力资本的增值状态，主要包括人力资本存量状态、增量状态、流失状态三个方面。存量状态中有人口众多与低素质人口比重过大并存、劳动力资源丰富与人力资本短缺并存、人才匾乏与人才浪费并存、人力资本实际回报率低、人力资本结构不合理等五大问题;增量状态中有国家人力资本投资不足、教育科研投入不足、后续教育不足、公共卫生投入不足等四大问题;流失状态有人才外流严重、大量失业人口存在、人力资本利用效率不高等三大问题。 第四部分，在以上分析的基础上，提出使我国人力资本增值的相应对策，包括人力资本的战略与政策、形成与使用、流动与配置。战略与政策上要妥善处理人力资本投资与物质资本投资之间的关系，遵循协调发展的原则，适当加大人力资本投资力度。形成与使用上要建立合理高效的教育、培训、医疗保健制度。流动与配置上则要通过实现全国统一的劳动力市场、有效防止人才流失、创新人力资本的制度环境等方面来实现。 本文力图在以下方面有所创新:第一，以人力资本内涵为依据，归纳提出了人力资本在两重性、价值属性和产权属性三方面的特征，成为分析人力资本增值的基础。第二，人力资本的增值分析，对于丰富人力资本理论，扩展人力资本的研究空间，具有重要的理论价值。第三，从人力资本形成的几个角度出发，以大量数据资料为依据，分摘要别探讨了我国人力资本的存量、增量、流失等状态及问题，实证性和可信度较强。第四，提出了人力资本增值的相关政策措施，并通过对人力资本增值对经济增长的作用分析，有利于转变观念，树立以人为本的思想，并且为国家相关制度的创新提供合理的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human capital is the integration of education, knowledge, physical capability and skills, which are enclosed in human’s body. It is formed through investing and in turn, it can lead to increase in future value. In addition to the common points as capital, human capital has its special characteristics, including two-side attribute, value attribute and property rights attribute. Based on its characteristics, human capital can gain value adding while it is used. Human capital is the determinant factor of economic growth, where the essence is human’s development. Knowledge era approaching, how to realize value adding on human capital to achieve economic development becomes vital.The topic of this paper is the state and countermeasures of value adding on human capital in China. It is combined the present achievements concerning human capital theory and practice in China or in other countries, using some specific methods including normative analysis and positive analysis, logic analysis and historical analysis, qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and so on. The purpose is trying to dissertate basic points, state and countermeasures of value adding on human capital in China.There are four parts in this paper except the introduction and conclusion, which are analysis on human capital, valueadding on human capital, state of value adding on human capital in China, and correlative countermeasures. The contents in detail are as follows:The first part analyses implication and characteristics of human capital, by comparing human capital and other capital. The characteristics have two-side attribute, value attribute and property rights attribute, which forms the base of value adding on human capital.The second part analyses investment on and formation of human capital, as well as its value adding, then generalizes its function to economic development. On base of investing on education, training, health, learning-by-doing and career choice, human capital is combined with physical capital, and then it should be in the process of "invest-pracitse-reinvest-repractise", thus human capital can be formed substantially. On base of this process, human capital can gain value adding, which plays an important role in economic development.The third part analyses the present state of human capital in China, including storage, addition and loss. State of storage has five problems, for example, low-level human capital, low return rate and irrational structure. State of addition has three problems, for example, scarcity on education, research, training and public health. State of loss has three problems, for example, a lot of high-level human capital is flowing overseas, a lot of workers are unemployed, and the utilized efficiency of human capital is low.Based on the above analysis, the fourth part presents some countermeasures to gain value adding on human capital in China. They are strategy and policy, formation and utilization, flowage and allocation, for example, to invest more on human capital, to establish rational systems on education, training and health, to realize national labor market, and so on.To conclude, there are four innovative points in this paper. First, on base of the implication, this paper summarizes three main characteristics of human capital, such as two-side attribute, value attribute and property rights attribute, which become the analytic bases of this research. Second, the analysis of value adding on human capital can enlarge the theory and expand the research of human capital. Third, according to a lot of information and statistics of the state, this paper has high value in practicality and credibility. Fourth, the responding analysis and countermeasures can do good to changing the dated thought into human-oriented thought, as well as the innovations on relative systems in China.Name: Meng Xin(Population, Resource and Environment Economics)Directed by--Jiang Xuemin更多还原