【作者】 宋敏敏；

【导师】 梅雪雄；

【作者基本信息】 福建师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2004， 硕士

【副题名】从教育生态平衡视角出发

【摘要】 本文采用文献资料法、调查法、数理统计法、访谈法等研究方法，对我国高校扩招之后的学校体育教育资源的现状进行调查，运用教育生态平衡原理对高校体育教育资源，包括人力、物力、财力和信息资源进行综合分析，发现失衡之处，并从生态平衡的视角分析存在的问题，提出扩招后高校体育教育资源保持平衡的理论和对策。研究结果表明：(1)扩招后学生人数超过了高校体育教育的人口容量；学生的体育观念、态度发生了较大变化。这就要求加大高校体育教育的硬件建设，使高校体育教育人口容量和体育教育事业协调发展。(2)扩招后体育教师严重缺编，教师承受着巨大的超工作量压力。教师年龄结构、学历结构、科研水平都跟不上教育改革的要求。高校体育教育应有合理的师生比，应注意引进高学历的体育教师，提供继续教育的机会，提高体育教师的专业素质。高校应通过优化体育教师的工作环境、生活环境，制定激励机制，减少体育师资的流失。教师应建立竞争意识，大力发展校际间、省际间甚至国际间的交流。(3)高校扩招后。体育教育经费严重缺乏，体育部经费主要出自学校拨款。高校要不断创造条件，促进经费来源的多元化。与校外企业联办高校体育，引进体育产业人才，促进体育产业在高校的发展。(4)高校扩招后，体育场馆、器材在数量、质量和种类上都不适应高校体育教学之需。高校应该合理安排教学时间，充分利用场馆资源，积极扩大体育场地(馆)面积及种类，提高管理水平及场地(馆)的公众利用率。(5)学生的重修带来高校体育教师、场馆、经费的浪费，要注意切实提高学生的体育能力，使学生都能实现体育教学目标。(6)扩招后高校体育教学还是注重竞技体育项目，对非竞技体育项目内容的安排还有待加强。高校体育教学目标已注重于提高学生的健康水平。但没有考虑到学生体育个性的发展。高校体育要适应当今的时代发展，把体育教学的空间向社会、自然界延伸，选用适合新时代年轻人品味的体育教学内容。(7)高校目前体育理论课的内容对个性体育、竞技体育的介绍很少，学生对理论课的积极性不高。因此高校体育要结合学生的兴趣所向，合理安排理论教学内容，按照各个教师的专长和兴趣所向分别准备理论课。(8)扩招后，为保证各类信息传递的质量，高校体育教师应根据时代变化和需求，做到终身学习。(9)高校要不断扩大和疏通信息来源渠道，加强对学生、体育教师的信息输入。结合不同的学生群体。输入不同类型的信息，便于学生选择和吸收。(10)高校体育要做到与国际接轨，吸纳国际上对我国体育教育有利的观念和方法，并注意挖掘、整理、创新，弘扬民族体育文化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Adopting the methods of documentation, investigation, statistics and interview, and with a questionnaire, this paper is to find out the present conditions of PE resources in universities after enlarged recruitment. After utilizing the principle of equilibrium in Education Ecology to analyze the PE resources, including human resource, material resources, financial power resources and information resources, this paper finds out the unbalanced present conditions of PE in universities, thus puts forward some relevant theories and countermeasures to holding the balance in PE resources after enlarged recruitment. The result includes: Firstly, the number of college students after enlarged recruitment has surpassed the population capacity, and the athletics conception and attitude in college students have changed tremendously. Universities should strengthen the PE hardware construction, so that the population capacity and PE in university can develop healthily. Secondly, the teachers appear to overwork seriously and have no time to refresh. The qualities of teachers, including age structure, educational background and scientific research abitity, are not in line with the needs of currunt teaching reforms after enlarged recruitment. Universities should encourage teachers and students, admit teachers with high educational background, and offer opportunities for advanced studies. Universities should improve working and living circumstances , and establish encouragement mechanism to prevent teachers from leaving there jobs. Teachers should establish the consciousness of competition in mind. Exchanges between universities and countries should be enhanced. Thirdly, there is lack of the athletics education budget seriously in PE after enlarged recruitment. The source of the fund in PE is simplistic, that is to say, the school allocations. Universities should improve conditions to make use of funds from various channels, quoting the regular pattern of market economy and uniting with outside enterprises, admitting talented persons in sports industry, so as to promote the sports industry in universities to develop. Fourthly, sports buildings and device, quality, quantity and categories, are not in line with the needs of teaching, training and other exercise.Universities should arrange the teaching time rationally for fully using of the building sources. Universities should get territory source and technique source from government, enlarge sports area and categories, and enhance the supervise standard to keep the close integrate with social. Fifthlyf the students’ re-study is a waste of source. Universities should increase the equipment, and improve students’ real abilities of athletics; and make the students realize the target of physical education. Sixthly, the content of PE is still limited to athletic events. We need to develop non-athletic events in universities and improve the development of physical personality of the students. We should expand the space of PE to the society and the nature; enrich the athletic contents of course to satisfy the needs of young man in modern times. Seventhlyi The contents of current courses of theories are still confined in the aspects of health. There is a lack of introduction of athletics of individual character and competitive sports. Students often lose interests in theory lessons. Universities should pay attention to students’ interests and arrange suitable contents for theory courses reasonably. PE teachers should prepare theory lessons according to their majors and interests in order to expand students’ athletic experiences. Eighthly, teachers should take life-long study so as to keep touch with the ages and guarantee the quality of information exchange after enlarged recruitment. Ninthly, Universities should improve their conditions to expand channels for imformation supply teachers and students with useful imformation according to their special intersts. Tenthly, the PE in universities should keep touch with the world, absorbing international conception and method which is benefici更多还原