烷基糖苷的合成及物化性能分析

【作者】 于宁；

【导师】 杨锦宗； 张淑芬；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 应用化学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 烷基多苷（APG）作为生物质表面活性剂除具有传统表面活性剂的优良性能外，还具有无毒、无刺激性、生物降解迅速等独特的性能而优于原有的表面活性剂，因此它越来越受到众多领域的青睐。 本文分别以一水合葡萄糖和葡萄糖浆为糖源采用直接法合成了C₈～C₁₄烷基多苷。产品中残糖含量＜0.5％，低聚糖含量＜2％，残醇含量＜1％。研究了影响葡萄糖转化率、产物色泽、平均聚合度（DP）和α、β-吡喃葡糖苷比例（α／β）的因素。α-吡喃糖苷为热力学控制，β-吡喃糖苷为动力学控制；呋喃糖苷的生成受动力学控制。糖醇量比在（9～3）∶1范围内变化，DP可被有效控制在1.08～1.53。 采用TLC、GC、ESI-MS、HPLC-MS、FT／IR、¹H NMR、¹³C NMR等技术对APG的组成和结构进行了分析。提出以重水做溶剂，三氟乙酸做化学位移试剂，利用¹H NMR计算α／β的方法。该法的优点是用¹H NMR可同时较准确地计算DP和α／β，提出利用C-6的积分计算吡喃糖苷和呋喃糖苷比例的方法。 研究了烷链长度在C₈-C₁₄，DP值为1.08～2.32的APG的结构与表面张力、界面张力、发泡力、乳化力、硬水稳定性等性能的关系；探讨了APG的烷链长度及DP值与性能之间的规律性。研究了APG与多种阴离子和非离子表面活性剂的复配性能。烷链较长的C₁₀-APG和C_12／14-APG表现出了非常优异的的性能和协同增效作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alkyl polyglycosides (APG), biosurfactant which have more advantages than traditional surfactants, possess some special performances, such as, no toxicity, no irritancy and prompt biodegradation, etc.. Therefore, they have been more and more popular in many fields.Alkyl polyglucosides were prepared by acid-catalyzed glycosidation of glucose monohydrate or glucose syrups with Cg-Cn fatty alcohol. The reaction gave an Alkyl polyglucosides with residual glucose <0.5%, polyglucoside content <2% and residual fatty alcohol <1%. The effects of reaction conditions on conversion (%) of glucose, color of products, average degree of polymerization (DP), ratio of a -D-glucopyranoside and B-D- glucopyranoside ( a / B ) were discussed. The formation of a -D-glucopyranoside is under thermodynamic control and B-D-glucopyranoside is formed under kinetic control. APG with DP 1.08~1.53 were obtained through control of molar ratio of alcohol and glucose from 9:1 to 3:1.Some analytical techniques, such as TLC, GC, ESI-MS, HPLC-MS, FT/IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, were applied for the analysis of APG DP-value and the ratio of a -D-glucopyranoside and B-D- glucopyranoside were calculated by 1H NMR data. Due to the addition of F3CCOOD as shift regent to the solvent D2O, disturb of hydroxyl can be removed. The ratio of glucopyranoside and glucofuranoside can be determined by 13C NMR date.Some physicochemical properties of APG, such as interfacial properties, foaming power, emulsifying power, stability in hard water were investigated as function of the alkyl chain and DP. The relation of structures of APG to properties thereof was discussed. The synergism of APG with other surfactants was also studied and the results showed C10-APG and C12/14-APG showed excellent performances and synergism.更多还原