【作者】 陈利雄；

【导师】 张永宁； 李志华；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 船舶在海上航行必然受到海洋环境的影响和制约，海洋环境的好坏直接影响到船舶的航行安全和经济效益，特别是某些恶劣的天气系统所引起的狂风巨浪不仅使船舶操纵困难，而且还可导致严重的海难事故。有时事故发生后，由于恶劣天气和海况的影响，常造成救助困难，导致损失扩大。因此，为保障海上航行安全，本文主要探讨研究了影响渤海海域客滚船航行安全的海洋环境因素。结合渤海特殊的地形地貌特征，总结了渤海海域的海流、潮汐、风浪和涌浪的分布特征及变化规律。系统分析了渤海海域大风的天气气候特征和引起渤海大风浪的主要天气系统，归纳总结出造成渤海大风的几种典型天气形势。 本文基于对影响渤海海域的主要天气系统：强冷空气、热带气旋和温带气旋的研究。提出了能引起渤海大风浪的几种强冷空气爆发的高空天气形势，西北太平洋温带气旋的时空、强度分布，对渤海海域影响的主要形式。利用地面形势预报方程，从理论上分析了影响渤海海域的温带气旋的发展过程。同时，从变压场、热力环流、温度层结等方面探讨了阵风增强的机理。从客滚船的实际应用出发，阐述了预报渤海大风浪的方法以及需要正确处理好的几个相关因素，进一步提出船舶预测大风浪的几种具体方法。 最后利用Delphi语言编写了渤海气象海洋环境图文显示系统软件，渤海客滚船驾驶人员利用该软件，可以随时了解到渤海天气气候的变化规律和应对决策方法，希望能达到趋利避害，保障航行安全，最大限度地减少灾害性天气所造成的损失。更多还原

【Abstract】 The sailing ship is affirmatively influenced and restricted by the oceanic environment. The ship’s safety and economic effects depend on whether the oceanic conditions are good or not. Particularly some synoptic systems conducing the storm and very high sea not only makes the ships be manipulated difficultly, but also brings about fearful shipwreck. Sometimes after the shipwreck happened, the salvage is difficulty due to the influence of severe weather and oceanic conditions. As a result the loss is aggravated. Therefore, this paper primarily studies the meteorological and marine condition influencing the Roll-Roll passenger ship’s navigation safety. According to Bohai topographical characteristics, the distributed characteristics and diverse laws of the ocean current?tide?wind sea and swell are summarized. The wind’s climatic characteristics and main synoptic system that causes Bohai sea storm are systematically analyzed in this paper, it is concluded that a few typical weather models could result in strong wind in Bohai Sea.Based on the research of the main synoptic systems which influence Bohai sea: strong cold air?tropical cyclone and extratropical cyclone, this paper brings forward several upper-air synoptic situations of strong cold air breaking out in Bohai area. In northwest Pacific Ocean, extratropical cyclone is in spatial-temporal distribution and the main forms affect Bohai Sea. Utilizing the equation of surface forecast, the seedtime of extratropical cyclone that influences Bohai Sea is theoretically analyzed. At the same time, the mechanism that the gust reinforces from the aspects of allobar field?thermodynamic circulation?temperature stratification etc is discussed. From the point of application for roll-roll passenger ship, the methods to forecast Bohai Sea strong wind and the need to properly handle several relations are introduced, and several methods to predict the strong wind on board are further summed up.Finally, the system of hydrology meteorology compiling in Delphi language is represented. Consequently, navigators of sailing to Bohai sea area at any moment can find out the diverse law of Bohai’s climate and take proper measures, hoping to obtain maximum benefits and avoid harms, guarantee the sailing safety and reduce the losses caused by the severe weather and oceanic condition to maximum extent.更多还原