石英晶体旋光率和石英波片延迟量的温度特性研究

【作者】 苏富芳；

【导师】 吴福全；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 光学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着激光应用技术的发展，偏光技术也发展成为光学技术的重要分支，其应用范围之广已渗透到与光学技术有关的各学科领域，如物理、化学、生物、天体、大气、遗传工程、军事科学等领域。激光偏光器件也得到了越来越多的应用。偏光器件的种类很多，通常用到的偏光器件有偏振片、偏光棱镜、偏光分束棱镜、各种延迟器件及退偏器件等。温度是研究仪器和器件问题中的一个非常重要的参数，是物体基本的热力学性质之一。温度对任何仪器、设备乃至器件性能的影响一直是人们十分关心的问题：由于我国激光技术的迅速发展，对偏光棱镜的需求越来越大，应用到各种温度下的机会也越来越多，这就使得对双折射晶体和偏光器件温度效应的研究成为紧要的任务。制作偏光器件的材料一般有石英、方解石、氟化镁、硝酸纳、金红石、正钒酸钇和磷酸二氢氨等。这些双折射晶体不仅光学性质是各向异性的，而且热学性质也是各向异性的，显然温度对它们的影响更为复杂，也是更不容忽视的。在所有的这些材料中，石英晶体是分布最广的一种，其应用也比较广泛。旋光性是石英晶体的重要性质，所以对石英晶体旋光性温度效应的研究也就显得尤为重要。 本文着重以石英晶体为例，研究石英晶体旋光率的温度特性以及由石英晶体制作的石英波片延迟量的温度效应。全文概括起来包括以下几个方面的内容： 在第一章首先简单介绍了石英晶体旋光性的一些特点和相位延迟器的一些概况以及它们的温度效应，最后简要说明了对这一课题进行研究的重要意义。第二章首先介绍了石英晶体的旋光性理论，分别从琼斯矩阵法和非线性电极化的理论来分析旋光现象。并给出了相应的表达式。然后又介绍了圆二色性对石英晶体旋光性的影响。最后又简单的介绍了相位延迟器的类型以及每一种类型的相位延迟器的特点。 为了更精确的确定各个波长和各个温度下石英晶体的旋光率值，在第三章中，首先介绍了石英晶体的材料性质，引入了石英晶体旋光性的概念以及修正的Sellmeier方程。文中精确求解出了Sellmeier方程的各常数表达式，这些常数可以通过四组不同波长所对应的旋光率的值求解。最后，我们根据摘要第2页旋光率的定义，建立了温度对石英晶体旋光率的影响的测试系统，并利用该系统分别对四块厚度不同的石英晶体进行了测试，结果是石英晶体的旋光率随着温度的升高、波长的减小，旋光率增大。利用所测量的结果，将四组不同波长所对应的旋光率值代入Sellmeier方程的各常数表达式中，然后通过重复的迭代得到最佳的常数值;使用线性差值的办法得到了不同波长的旋光率温度系数，从而可以求出不同温度的Sel lmeier方程常数值，这样就可以很容易求出各个温度下各个波长所对应的旋光率值。将其与光学手册上查到的值相比，我们所求得的Sel lmeier方程较好的表达了石英晶体的色散关系和温度效应; 由石英晶体制作而成的石英波片在温度发生变化时，其相位延迟量也要发生变化。第四章中，首先介绍了石英波片的温度效应理论;其次介绍了波片延迟量的测量原理;最后我们在不同的温度下测试了1/4波片和1/2波片的延迟量随温度的变化。这些实验均取得了有价值的结果，为在各种温度下使用波片提供了理论和实验依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the laser application technology development, polarization technology are also develop the major branch of the optical technology.Its application range are so large that permeate the course field to all correlation,for example physics, chemistry, biology, celestial body air, inherit project, military science etc.Laser & polarized light device have more and more application.Polarizing device have a great variety. Generally Polaroid, polarizing prism, polarizing beam splitting prism, all kinds of retarder and de polarizing device etc. Temperature is the quite important parameter that research the problem of the device,it is one of the project’s thermodynamics nature. Temperture effect the performance of the instrument,equipment and device.Much attention has been paid to this problem for a long time. With the rapid development of the laser technology in our country, polariaing prism are used in more and more areas.So research on thermal effect of the polarizing devices are becoming very important. Quartz, calcite, magnesium fluoride, sodium nitrate, rutile, etc are the stuff of the product of polarizing device.Not only the thermal properties but also the optical properties of these birefringent crystal are anisotropic.So how the temperature affect of the polarizing devices is very complicated and shouldn’t be neglected. Qutarz is the most widespread of all of these material, its application are also extensive. Optical rotation is the important property of qutarz crystal, so the thermal effect research of qutarz crystal’ s optical rotation appears more important.The dissertation puts emphasis on the qutarz crystal , research the thermal effect research of qutarz crystal’ s optical rotation and the thermal effect of qutarz retarder’s retardation. The whole dissertation summarize several content as following:The first chapter mainly simple introduces the property of qutarz crystal’ s optical rotation , the general situation of the retarders and these thermal effect,the last simply explanation the importance of the research on this subject. The second chapter firstly presents the theory of the qutarz crystal’s optical rotation, itanalyses optical rotation by Jones matrix and nonlinear electric polarization respectively. It also gives expression corresponding. And then introduces the circular dichroism impact on the qutarz crystal’ s optical rotation. Last it also gives the type of retarder and the property of every type retarder.In order to acquire the value of specific rotary power for different value of the wavelength and the temperature, in third chapter , firstly, the properties of the qutarz crystal are presented, the notion of the rotation and the Sellmeier equation are presented. Constants in the Sellmeier equation are analytically calculated out and express as the function of four different group od values of the wavelength and the specific rotary power. Last according to the definition of the specific rotary power, we establish an experimental system to study the effects of the temperature of qutarz crystal’s optical rotation and use this system we testing the four qutarz crystal of different thickness, the result is as the temperature lifting, wavelength reducing, qutarz crystal’s optical rotation raise. Use these testing result ,we substitute four wavelength and specific rotary power for constant in Sellmeier equation. Then the optimal constants are obtained using the iterative method, we calculated out the specific rotary power as the function of the temperature for different value of the wavelength with the interpolation method, by which we obtain the constant of the Sellmeier equation for different value of the temperature. Then we can easily obtain the values of the specific rotary power for different values of the wavelength and the temperature. By contrast with Optical Handbook, we find the Sellmeier equation that we work out is well express the qutarz crystal’s dispersion and thermal effect.When the temperature changes, the retardation will change accordingly for the retarders that made of q更多还原