【作者】 郝三存；

【导师】 吴季怀；

【作者基本信息】 华侨大学 ， 材料学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 染料敏化TiO₂纳米晶太阳能电池（DSC电池）是一种新型光电化学太阳能电池，它制作工艺简单、成本低和性能稳定，并且对环境良性，具有很好应用前景，它在太阳能电池研究上具有重要意义。研究结果在半导体光电子学、纳米多孔材料、有机固体电解质以及光电化学等方面均具有重要的科学意义。本文通过对DSC太阳能电池的各组成部分进行研究，探索了各组成部分与DSC太阳能电池的关系。优化DGC太阳能电池的结构，制备出了光电转换效率超过4％的DSC太阳能电池。 （1）分别采用TiO₂ P25纳米粉体涂膜法，分散TiO₂ P25粉体法，溶胶凝胶法和旋涂法制备了染料敏化TiO₂膜。研究了不同成膜方法，不同晶型结构以及不同前驱体对TiO₂膜光电性能的影响。得出了以P25作为前驱体，采用涂膜法获得了具有较好光电性能的TiO₂膜。以HCl、H₃PO₄、HNO₃和H₂SO₄做为酸处理剂，对TiO₂膜进行了酸处理，得到了采用0.1mol／1 HCl处理能获得好的结果。 （2）分别从植物的叶子、花和果实中提取了十四种天然色素，以此做为TiO₂膜的敏化剂，组装了DSC太阳能电池。测试了其光电性能。天然色素表现出了一定的电子转移性能，通过对十四种天然色素做比较，发现由黑米敏化的DSC太阳能电池表现出最好的光电性能，获得了55lmV的开路电压和1.124mA／cm²的短路电流，最大理论输出功率达到了327μW，在554nm处获得了36.41％的单色光光转换效率。通过比较发现，由花中提取的花青素类天然染料表现出好的光电性能，而由叶子和果实中提取的叶绿素类和类胡萝卜素类染料的敏化性能较弱。 （3）通过采用不同的有机溶剂与KI和I₂制备DSC太阳能电池的电解质，得出了DSC太阳能电池有机电解质设计的一般原则，要求有机溶剂具有较高的介电常数和高的导电率，具有一定的分子结构，能与I^-或I₃^-生成电子复合物，KI和I₂在其中的溶剂化度高，能形成高电导率电解质溶液，沸点高不挥发。通过对以上溶剂的筛选，得出了采用丙烯碳酸酯做溶剂具有较好光电转换效果，获得了开路电压0.682V，和短路电流6.2mA的结果。 （4）分别采用真空镀膜法、热分解法和电镀法制备了铂金修饰对电极。通过对DSC太阳能电池对电极进行铂金修饰，大大提高了DSC太阳能电池的理论最大输出功率，增大了近7倍。但是不同方法制各的铂金电极性能有较大差别，采用电镀法制备的对电极具有规整表面结构，小的表面电阻以及少的杂质和缺陷含量，具有很高的催化活性。而采用真空镀膜法和热分解法制备的铂金修饰电极催化活染料敏化纳米品TIOZ太阳能电池的研究摘要性较低。要获得高催化活性的铂金修饰对电极，须使制备的铂修饰电极具有厚度均匀，表面结构规整、杂质和缺陷少。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is thought that dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cell (DSC) is a new type of photoelectric chemical soalr cell with simple preparation procedure, low cost, stable photo-to-electric performance and friendly environment action, which make it a good alternative of photo-to-electric devices; in addition there is very important significance in the research of solar cell. The theory and principle about it is significant for semiconductor photoelectronics, nanometer porous material, organic solid-electrolyte and photo-electric chemical. In this paper, the every component of DSC was researched, the relations between every component and photon-to-electric performance of DSC were discussed, the configuration of DSC was optimized and the dye-sensitized solar cell with a 4% photon-to-electric efficiency was prepared.(1) The TiO2 film was prepared by daubing P25 powder, dispersing P25 power, sol-gel and spin coating. The influence of TiO2 crystal structure, coating technique and predecessor type on photoelectric performance of TiO2 film was discussed. The results were obtained that the TiO2 film prepared by daubing P25 power performed well, the TiO2 was treated with HCI, HNO3, H2SO4 and H3PO4, it was found that the TiO2 film with a 0.1 mol/1 HCl treat performed better.(2) The fourteen kinds of natural dye were abstracted from flower, leave and fruit, and were as the sensitizing dye of TiO2 film, the DSC was prepared with these natural dye-sensitized films, and the photoelectric performance was measured. It is found that the natural dye presented a litlle ability of electron transfer. The result was obtained that natural dye of black rice performed best with a 1.124 mA/cm2 of short circuit current, a 551 mV of open circuit voltage, a 327uW of max theoretic output power and a 36.41% of IPCE in 554nm in the fourteen nature dye. It was also found that the anthocyanin natural dye from flower performed better than chlorophyll and carotenoid natural dye.(3) The electrolyte was prepared by dissolving KI and I2 in various organic solvent. The basic principle of electrolyte in DSC was concluded that organic solvent is with a high dielectric constant, conductivity and boiling point and low evaporability, can forming electron-complex, make KI and \2 great solvation level and can forming high conductivitysolution. Through choosing from seven organic solvent, the 1,2-propanediol carbonate performed better with a 0.682mV of open circuit voltage and a 6.2 mA/cm2 of short circuit current.(4) The opposite electrode was modified with Pt by vacuum coating, thermal decomposition and electrodeposition method, the maxim theoretic output power was increased seven times with Pt-modifying opposite electrode. But the Pt-modifying opposite electrode prepared by various methods performed great differences, the Pt-modifying opposite electrode prepared by electrodeposition method was with a orderly surface structure, low surface resistance, low concentration of impurities and defects, and high catalysis ability. But the Pt-modifying opposite electrode preparing by vacuum coating, thermal decomposition method was with a low catalysis ability. A Pt-modifying opposite electrode with great performance should be with a orderly surface structure, uniformity thickness and low impurities and defects.更多还原