【作者】 肖洪；

【导师】 朱翔；

【作者基本信息】 湖南师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2004， 硕士

【副题名】以贵州省望谟县局部地区为例

【摘要】 县级土地利用调查是土地管理的基础性工作，是我国各级土地利用现状准确数据的实际来源。传统县级土地利用调查手段需要耗费大量的人力物力，效率低下。遥感、地理信息系统和全球定位系统技术的发展，以及高分辨率卫星影像的出现，为土地资源调查和动态监测提供了高效、可靠的信息源和先进的技术手段。 本文在分析传统县级土地利用调查技术的基础上，主要从调查技术路线、影像处理技术、影像判读模式、县级土地利用数据库建立和1：1万土地利用图编制等几个方面，对如何利用高分辨率卫星影像进行县级土地利用调查进行了研究，提出了一套有实践意义的调查方法和技术流程。最终获得的土地利用调查数据具有较高精度和实用价值，能满足我国县级土地利用调查的要求。 本文采用具有0.70m空间分辨率的QuickBird卫星影像，以贵州省望谟县局部地区为例开展了土地利用调查。首先在ENVI环境下进行影像增强、影像融合和几何校正等处理，主要采用了两类影像增强技术：一是边缘增强，二是采用主分量变换法对高分辨率的全色影像和低分辨率的多光谱影像进行融合处理，增强了不同地类影像间的特征差异；然后利用通过静态差分GPS采集的32个控制点，加上在地形图上采集的31个控制点，采用多项式校正方法和分块处理策略对增强后的影像进行几何精校正；按照我国2001年颁布的最新《土地用途分类及含义》建立研究区土地利用分类系统，然后通过实地调查建立解译标志；采用基于ArcView平台开发的交互式影像判读系统进行影像判读，获得土地利用图斑和其属性信息，采用“两次解译”判读程序以保证解译结果的精度；采用误差矩阵法，利用现场数据和解译结果建立误差矩阵，分析解译结果精度，经计算总体精度为98.26%;之后使用Geoway软件分层矢量化其他地理要素，并按要求建立其属性表;在ArcGIS环境里进行叠加分析、入库和编制土地利用图等。 研究结果表明，与传统土地利用调查相比，基于高分辨率卫星影像的县级土地利用调查技术含量高，精确度高，工时短，成本低，成果数字化，易于保存、携带、复制、修改和共享，利于建立土地信息系统，实现土地资源的动态更新和监测。更多还原

【Abstract】 The survey of land use at county level is the basic work for land management and the actual accurate data resource of land cover in our country. Traditional means of land use survey at county level costs a great quantity of manpower and material resource, but with low effectiveness. The development of Remote Sensing (RS)> Geographic Information System(GIS) and Global Position System(GPS) and the presence of satellite image with high spatial resolution have provided highly effective and reliable information resources and an advanced method for the survey and dynamic monitoring of land resources.On the bases of analyzing traditional means of land use survey, the paper draws conclusions mainly on aspects such as survey method, image processing, image interpretation, establishment of land use database at county level, and the mapping of 1:10000 land use maps. How to survey land use at county level based on satellite image with high spatial resolution has been studied. And technological flowchart and the survey method have been put forward in this paper. The final surveyed data of land use is of high precise and practice and can meet the needs of the land use survey at county level in our country.The land use survey in partial area in Wangmo County, Guizhou Province has been worked out as an example based on the satellite image of QiuckBird with a spatial resolution of 0. 7m. Enhancement, resolution mergence, and geometric corrections have been conducted in ENVI firstly. Two enhancing ways have been adopted: one is edge enhancement and the other is resolution mergence between panchromatic image and multi-spectra image with principal component convert, which enhanced the image difference between the land use types. Thena geometric correction of the enhanced image has been conducted with polynomial ways and piecewise policy, using 32 GCP (Ground Control Points) surveyed with post processing differential GPS and 31 GCP selected on the maps. And then, the land use classifying system for the studied area has been established according to <Classification and Definition of Land Use>issued by our country in 2001, and an interpretation key table has been established based on site investigation. Next the information about land use compartment and matching attribute were obtained with the interactive interpretation software developed on the platform of ArcView. To ensure the quality of interpretation, "two times interpretation" has been adopted. The interpretation results have been verified with matrix, which is established by site investigated data and interpreted data, and the precision reaches 98. 26% based on the calculation. Further more, layers with GeoWay have digitized other geographic information, and attribute tables were established according to the requirement. At last overlaying analysis, database establishment, and land use type mapping have been conducted in the software of ArcGIS.It has been indicated by the study that, compared with the traditional means, the land use survey at county level based on satellite image with high spatial resolution is of advantages on high technology, high precision, short working time, low cost of large scale survey, and easily kept, transported, copied, revised, and shared of the final digital products. Furthermore, it can establish land information system more easily, and carry out dynamic updating and monitoring of the land resource.更多还原