【作者】 黄春红；

【导师】 贺建华；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 为了高效地利用植物饲料磷源和探索更简便的植物饲料有效磷评定方法，以便在日粮配制过程中更合理地添加无机磷源，本研究分以下三个部分对植物饲料磷的利用及其影响因素进行了研究。 试验1 采用平衡试验法，以含磷量为0.3％的豆粕—玉米淀粉型半纯合日粮为基础日粮，分别用玉米、燕麦、碎米、糙米、荞麦、高粱、蚕豆和豌豆替代部分豆粕和玉米淀粉配成8种单一试验日粮；用玉米、燕麦、碎米、糙米共同替代部分豆粕和玉米淀粉配成混合日粮A；用荞麦、高粱、蚕豆和豌豆共替代部分豆粕和玉米淀粉配成混合日粮B，以12头初始平均体重为27.2±2.3kg的健康杜长大杂交去势公猪为试验动物，采用两个6×6拉丁方设计(两拉丁方基础日粮相同)对8种植物饲料磷的表观消化率及真消化率进行了评定，并对不同植物饲料可消化磷在混合日粮A和B中的可加性进行了研究。试验2采用体外透析法研究了不同植物饲料(待测植物饲料同试验1)在添加植酸酶(500FTU/kg)和不添加植酸酶情况下磷的体外透析率，并探讨了不同植物饲料在不添加植酸酶情况下磷的透析率与其体内表观消化率和真消化率间的相关关系。试验3选取了体重在20 kg左右的36头杜×长×大三元杂交猪，按完全随机设计将试验猪平均分成6个组，各组初始平均体重相近，分别饲喂NaCl水平不同(0.1％、0.2％、0.3％、0.4％、0.5％和0.6％)的6种日粮，研究不同NaCl水平对生长猪日粮磷及其它营养物质(干物质、粗蛋白和钙)消化率的影响。 试验结果表明： 生长猪对玉米、燕麦、荞麦、高梁、糙米、碎米、蚕豆和豌豆中磷的表观消化率分别为17.16％、5.98％、30.36％、31.02％、28.61％、31.91％、31.60％和26.33％；其真消化率分别为40.33％、27.45％、49.72％、42.34％、41.89％、44.62％、50.76％和36.56％。日粮A的磷表观消化率和真消化率(％)测定值分别为15.45±5.11和40.38±2.79，其预测值较对应的测定值分别高估了49.80％和4.11％。日粮B的磷表观消化率和真消化率21.23±2.90和40.58±0.90，其预测值较对应的测定值分别高估了40.84％和14.09％。表明8种植物饲料表观可消化磷在混合日粮A和B中的可加性较差，而真可消化磷在两混合日粮中表现出较好的可加性，其中以日粮A中各饲料真可消化磷的可加性优于日粮B中各饲料 真可消化磷的可加性。 植物饲料中添加植酸酶(500 FTU/kg)与不添加植酸酶对磷的透析率具有极 显著的影响(P<0.01);不添加植酸酶条件下，植物饲料磷的体外透析率(x) 和体内表观消化率(y、)间存在显著的中等二次曲线相关关系(P<0.05)，与 真消化率(y:)之间则存在显著的中等线性相关关系，两回归方程分别为: y-=一0 .0923x2+5.67xox一56.022一(RZ=0.7147 RsD= 5.s995P=0.0001 n=54)和yZ一1 .2oZlx+1 1 .8370(RZ=0.4734 Rso=6.soo5P=0.0001，n二54)。 不同NaCI水平对日粮干物质、粗蛋白及钙的表观消化率无显著影响 (P>0.05);对磷的表观消化率和真消化率组间则有显著影响(P<0 .05)，其中当 NaCI水平为0.3%时，磷的表观消化率和真消化率(%)均达最大，分别为41 .50% 和53.25%。当NaCI水平继续增加时，磷的表观消化率和真消化率均呈下降趋势， 但仍高于NaCI水平为0.2%和0.1%时的消化率值。NaCI水平(x)与日粮磷表观 消化率(y1)和真消化率tyZ)间均存在接近显著水平的二次曲线相关关系，两相关模 型分别为y!一177.7500 xZ月49.6592x+7.4580(RZ一0.5148 RsD一4.1659 P=0 .0717下6)和y:=一79.3750 xZ+147.8168x+21.2一10(R2=0.5493 RSD=3 .4968P=0.0585n士6)。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to utilize phosphorus in plant feedstuff’s efficiently and explore more simple and convenient ways to determine available phosphorus to direct inorganic phosphorus addition in animal diets, three experiments as follows were conducted in this research.Experiment 1 was conducted to determine phosphorus digestibility of corn, oat, broken rice, brown rice, buckwheat, sorghum, fababean and pea, and to examine whether digestible phosphorus in different feed ingredients were additive when used in diet formulation for growing-finishing pigs. One semi-purified soybean-cornstarch basal diet ( 0.3% phosphorus content), eight single tested diets formulated with corn, oat, broken rice , brown rice ,buckwheat ,sorghum, fababean and pea partially substituting for soybean and cornstarch in the basal diet, respectively, and diet A ( soybean and cornstarch were partially substituted with corn, oat, broken rice and rough rice) and diet B (soybean and cornstarch were partially substituted with buckwheat, sorghum, fababean and pea) , and twelve Duroc X Landrace X Yorkshine pigs with initial average body weight of 27.2 + 2.3 kg, were used in the experiment according to two 6X6 Latin Square Design with the same basal diet. Experiment 2, an in-vitro study, was conducted to determine the dialyzability of phosphorus in different plant feedstuffs as experiment 1, with phytase supplementation (500 FTU/kg) and no phytase, respectively, and to research the relationship between the dialyzability with no phytase and apparent or true phosphorus digestibility. Experiment 3 was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium chloride on phosphorus and other nutrients (dry matter, crude protein and calcium) digestibility. Thirty-six Duroc X Landrace X Yorkshine pigs about 20 kg were used. All the pigs were randomly assigned to 6 groups according to a Completely Randomized Design and fed on 6 diets with different NaCl levels (0.1 % N 0.2 %, 0.3 %, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.6%) ,respectively. The results showed that:Apparent phosphorus digestibilities of corn, oat, broken rice, brown rice, buckwheat, sorghum, fababean and pea were 17.16%, 5.98%, 31.91%, 28.61%, 30.36%, 31.02% and 26.33%, respectively. The corresponding true phosphorusdigestibilities were 40.33%, 27.45%, 44.62%, 41.89%, 49.72%, 42.34%, 50.76% and 36.56%, respectively. Apparent and true phosphorus digestibilities (%) of diet A were 15.45 + 5.11 and 40.38+2.79, 49.80% and 4.11% higher than the corresponding predicted values, respectively. While the indexes of diet B were 21.23+2.90 and 40.58 + 0.90, 40.84% and 14.09% higher than corresponding predicted values. It is suggested that apparent digestible phosphorus both in diet A and diet B are not additive, while true digestible phosphorus in the two diets are additive to some extent, but the additivity in diet A is better than that of diet B.There was significant difference on phosphorus dialyzability of the feedstuffs with or without phytase (P<0.01) . Significant quadratic effect was examined between phosphorus dialyzability (x) without phytase supplementation and apparent phosphorus digestibility (y1) (P<0.05), and significant linear relationship was existed in the dialyzability (x) and true phosphorus digestibility (y2)(P<0.05). The models are y1 =-0.0923x2+ 5.6710x-56.0221 (R2 = 0.7147 RSD=5.5995 P=0.0001 n=54)and y2 = 1.2021x +11.8370 (R2 = 0.4734 RSD=6.8005 P=0.0001, n=54), respectively.Differences of dry matter, crude protein and calcium digestibility among different groups in experiment 3 were not significant(P>0.05). But significant differences were examined in apparent and true phosphorus digestibilities (P<0.05). Apparent and true phosphorus digestibilities were highest (41.50% and 53.25%, respectively) when sodium chloride level was 0.3%. With sodium chloride level increasing, the apparent and true phosphorus digestibilities declined, but still higher than the values determined with 0.1% or 0.2% sodium chloride levels. Nearly significant quadratic effects were examined between sodium chloride (x) and apparent (y1) or t更多还原