【作者】 王君琴；

【导师】 沈东升；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 处理城市生活垃圾技术主要有堆肥法、填埋法、焚烧法这三种方法，其中填埋法具有成本低廉、适用范围广、环保效果显著和处置较彻底等优点。然而现行的卫生填埋技术存在着①垃圾降解缓慢，填埋场稳定时间长，②渗滤液难处理、成本高，③填埋场爆炸、沼气不回收利用、就地排放污染大气等问题。为此本文首先，以传统的卫生填埋场(R1)、调节初始湿度的填埋场(R2)及渗滤液直接回灌的填埋场(R3)作对比实验，进行了生物反应器填埋场系统(R4)和接种生物反应器填埋场系统(R5)的研究；其次，我们选择适当的回归模拟，建立了生物反应器填埋场系统CODcr浓度变化规律的数学方程和气体产量变化规律的数学方程；最后，为了遏止或减少填埋场恶臭气体污染，我们还对调节初始湿度的填埋场(R2)、渗滤液直接回灌的填埋场(R3)、生物反应器填埋场系统(R4)的主要恶臭气体成分、含量以及对主要恶臭气体的调控进行研究。取得的主要研究结论如下： (1) 对采用不同工艺的填埋场变化规律的研究表明：在R1．R2．R3填埋场中，增加垃圾湿度、渗滤液直接回灌等技术在试验初期并不能促进垃圾有机物的完全降解，填埋垃圾层微生物对有机物也仅主要发生水解作用，产酸细菌大量繁殖，渗滤液中有机酸积累，导致pH值下降，从而使垃圾层微生物群体的生态平衡遭到破坏；其次，R4、R5填埋场中，垃圾渗滤液经产甲烷生物反应器后再回灌到填埋场中，把厌氧生物处理分成两段进行：有机垃圾及渗滤液在填埋场主要发生水解产酸作用，在产甲烷生物反应器中主要发生产甲烷作用，这可以使水解产酸细菌和产甲烷细菌在各自适宜的环境中得到较快的生长繁殖，使垃圾渗滤液水质在最短时间里达到稳定化； (2) 提出了产气产率及产量的数学模型，可较准确地预测生物反应器填埋场系统(水解发酵是有机物厌氧发酵速率的限制步骤)气体产率及产量的定量变化，为后续气体的收集与利用提供参考价值。 (3) 提出了填埋场中有机物(COD)变化规律的数学方程，可较准确地预测生物反应器填埋场系统可降解有机物的变化规律，为后续填埋场管理提供参考价值。同时将垃圾有机物溶出总量与气体产量的对数数学模型有机结合起来，为资源再生利用提供理论依据。 (4) 从产甲烷生物反应器的特点可以得出：采用调节填埋层和产甲烷反应器的水力负荷及容积COD负荷，可使生物反应器填埋场形成较好的两相系统。当填埋层pH小于6.5，产甲烷生物反应器容积c0D负荷在6.5一7.skg/(m3.d)时，填埋场就成为比较专相水解反应器，产甲烷生物反应器成为比较专相产甲烷反应器，从而有利于气体的收集和气体甲烷含量增高; (5)填埋场中pH的变化对填埋臭气中氨气和挥发性脂肪酸气体的影响很大。当pH大于7时，臭气中以氨气为主，基本上不存在挥发性脂肪酸气体;当pH小于7时，臭气中以挥发性脂肪酸为主，而氨气几乎不存在。 (6)从R2、R3、R4系统乙酸、丙酸、丁酸气体浓度变化情况可以看出:挥发性气体浓度与填埋场中VFA和pH值都有一定的关联，填埋场中的pH值对填埋场空气中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸气体的含量有重大的关系。同时，从咫、R3、R4中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸气体浓度变化情况可以看出:R4系统降低填埋场乙酸、丙酸、丁酸气体的浓度，抑制其挥发的效果较好。更多还原

【Abstract】 In general, there are three main methods to handle the municipal solid waste (MSW) including landfill disposal, compost and incineration. Comparing to the other two methods, the landfill disposal method is the best one for its lower cost and less secondary pollution. It is thus the base of this thesis. However, the existing landfilling method had some disadvantages, such as the slow degradation of MSW, requirement of long time for stable landfill field, difficult treatment and high cost of the leachate and so on. This thesis is thus devoted to solve all above problems. It has studied firstly the characteristics of the bioreactor landfill system (R4) and the bioreactor landfill system with inoculability(R5), compard with the experimental results of the tradition landfill(Rl), humidity adjusted landfill(R2) and the landfill with leachate cycled directly(R3), Secondly, based on suitably recursive model, it a mathematical model to describe the variation of bioreactor landfill system’s CODcr and the gas product is built.Thirdly, in order to reduce or restrain the rotten gas pollution of the landfill, it has studied the main compositions, the content and control of the rotten gas of the landfill such as R2,R3 and R4.The main results of this thesis are as followings:1. Two results about the variety of contaminants of each landfill are given.one is that the landfill of Rl, R2 and R3 cannot accelerate the decomposition of refuse at the beginning of experiments just by adjusting the humidity (R2) or recycling leachate (R3) directly , which make the hydrolytic and fermentative microorganism of the landfill increase quickly, because the microorganism just hydrolyzed the refuse, which leaded to organic acid accumulated, pH reduced and ecosystem of methane-producing microorganism destroyed. The other one is that the circumfluenced leachate (R4,R5) after having been treated in the methane-producing reactor could accelerate the decomposition of the refuse and get the stabilization of the landfill immediately, because the decomposition of the refuse came into being two phases: hydrolyzing phase and methane-producing phase. Hydrolyzing reaction was mainly occurred in the refuse reactor, and methane-producing reaction was mainly taken in methane-producing reactor. These two landfill bioreactors have created suitable conditions to the growth of the methanogenic groups and accelerated the stabilization of the landfill.2. The mathematical model can be used to describe the daily variety volume of producing gas and the total variety volume. It could provide valuable reference data for collecting and using of the gas in future.3. COD function has shown that the variation of COD-concentration and the total COD-pollution. It could be used to predict the variation of the degraded refuseof the bioreactor landfill system and provide valuable reference data to later management landfill. Combining COD function with the mathematical model, it could provide theoretical data for the resource reused.4. The characteristics of methane-producing reactor have shown that two phases of the decomposition of the refuse could be achieved by adjusting the humidity of the landfill, the hydraulic load of methane-producing reactor and volumetric COD load. When the pH of the landfill was less than 6.5, and the volumetric COD load of methane-producing reactor was 6.5-7.5 kg/(m3.d), Hydrolyzing reaction was mainly occurred in the refuse reactor, methane-producing reaction mainly produced in methane-producing reactor, which is very useful to collect gas and improve the methane content.5. The pH of landfill will affect the concentration of ammonia and volatile organic acid of the rotten gas of the landfill distinctly. When pH >7, ammonia was the mainly composition of the rotten gas and the content of volatile organic acid was few even nonexistence; However, when pH <7, the conclusion was inverse.6. The variation of concentration of the acetic acid, propyle acid and butyric acid in R2 R3 R4 reactor has shown that the concentration更多还原