唐代国子祭酒述要

【作者】 董坤玉；

【导师】 宁志新；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 唐代改革了魏晋以来的教育体制，形成了一套从中央到地方、由尚书省的礼部统一管理的等级制教育系统。国子祭酒是中央官学——国子监的最高行政长官。本文在搜集整理相关史料的基础上，集录出唐代国子祭酒正员官110人，检校、试、摄、判等诏除的国子祭酒52员。通过对以上人员列表分析，本文着重阐述了国子祭酒的职能、不同时期的人选变化及影响祭酒人员变化的原因。认识到唐代政治局势的变化对国子祭酒人员的选任有很大影响。唐高祖武德初至唐高宗弘道末年与睿宗复位至天宝末年两个时期国子祭酒均为品高学博之士，但玄宗时期为惩武则天时期任人唯亲的弊病，坚持选用了一些个性正直倔强的大儒担任国子祭酒。武后临朝至睿宗复位前的一段时期，武则天、唐中宗皇后韦氏为达到一己私利，重用了一些阿谀附势的儒士担任祭酒。安史之乱后的政治局势发生了很大变化，国子祭酒逐渐成了安置失势重臣的闲职，伴随使职差遣制的发展，出现了大量藩镇兵将任检校国子祭酒的情况。除了政治局势的影响之外，统治者对待儒学的态度、知识分子自身心态的转变、科举制度本身的发展都是国子祭酒人选发生变化的重要原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 In Tang Dynasty,the education system since Wei and Jin Dynasty had been reformed.classified education system had come into being from centre to region,all managed by Li Department,Shangshu province.Guozuyiu is the highest political officer of central official university,that is Guozyian .Basing on collecting and arraging the associated history material,this article lists 110 Guozyyiu officers appointed by Tang government,and also 52 officers appointed by the emperor such as Jianjiao,Shi,She,Pan and so on.By analysing all these members with a chart,this article mainly discusses the function of Guozyyiu,the changing of members in different periods and the reasons that influence the changing of members. This article recognizes that the changing political state in Tang Dynasty greatly influenced the appointing of Guozyyiu members.In these two period,that are from the beginning of Emoeror Gaozu period to the end of Emperor Gaozong period ,and from the regaining of Ruizong to the end of Tianbao period,the Guozyijiu members are all persons with good qualities both in character and in knowledge.But in Emperor Xuanzong period ,some honest and stubborn Confucian scholar were appointed to be Guozyyiu members for punishing the disadvantage of appointing followers.ln Wuzetian period and the period before the regaining of Ruizong,because of their own benefit,Wuzetian and queen Wei mostly appointed officials who were good at ingratiating themselves with others.The political state had changed greatly after the rebellion of Anlushan and Shisiraing,Guozijijiu became a place for the important officials who had no power.With the developing of the system of sending officials,the regional officers and soldiers began to be Jianjiao of Guozyyiu.besides the influence of political condition,the attitude of rulers towards confusion,the changing of scholars own psychology,the developing of Keju system are all the reasons of the changiag of Guozijijiu members.更多还原