《简·爱》叙述的反叛与平衡

【作者】 马婷；

【导师】 易晓明；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文结合叙述学、女性主义阐述英国女作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的《简·爱》，从作家身份，女主人公话语的角度切入，在文本细读的基础上试图证明这部作品的叙述既具有一定的叛逆性，又体现出对维多利亚时代的某些思想观念的认同，在叛逆中体现平衡，平衡中又透露出叛逆，即作品本身存在两面性。 本文从四个方面论述《简·爱》叙述的两面性。首先是作品采用第一人称叙述，这在历史语境中具有一定的叛逆性，而作者采用匿名的方式把自己隐藏在柯勒·贝尔这样的中性符号背后，避免直面读者的评判，而且“叙述自我”冷静客观的分析性的语言也有助于隐藏作者的女性身份。 其次，对书信体小说的反叛与回归。在当时的历史条件下，女性作家如果想获得作品公开发表的权力，不得不向社会权威和既定的传统妥协。当时女性写作的主导的书信体文本，用私下向一位受述者讲述个人故事的方式最大限度地减弱了“言论自由”动摇男权社会的能量，《简·爱》没有采用这种文体，但文本中“读者”这个称呼又与书信体小说中的称呼非常相似。勃朗特用这种方式实现了对既定的社会权威的妥协与平衡。 第三，对家庭女教师类型的叙述的超越与平衡。勃朗特之前的家庭女教师故事的叙述者用回顾性的视角拉开了与小说中人物的距离，叙述者对主人公采用道德训诫的口吻；而《简·爱》的叙述者与主人公在道德观念上没有分歧。人物的言辞在某些场合下较为激进，但是从小说的整体来看，人物也有沉默和渐趋平静的叙述，这两点体现出对维多利亚时代的某些思想观念的认同。 最后，严肃小说与通俗小说之间获得平衡。作为一个入世不深但思想丰富的女性，勃朗特有个人需要表达的思考和本能的欲望；但时代的局限和个人在时代的影响下无法选择的思想状况和经济状况，都迫使她自觉或不自觉地体现出与一定历史环境的协调与平衡。更多还原

【Abstract】 The essay is devoted to discuss Jane Eyre by England woman writer Charlotte Bronte through narratology and feminism. Analysis on the status of the author and the words of the heroine by close reading and tries to prove that the work is not only rebellious but also comprising with some ideology in Victorian Age. There is rebellious in balance and also balance in rebelliousness, that is ,the work is a paradox.The article is divided into four parts. In the first place, her word is narrated in the first-person point of view, which is rebellious in the history context; while the author veils herself in the neutral name of Currer Bell so that she can avoid readers’ criticism. The narrator’s word which is calm and impersonal also attribute to veil the real writer.In the second place, this work revolts to as well as regresses to the style of Epistolary Fictions. A woman writer had to regress to the social authority and the existing tradition if she wanted to publish her work at that time. Most of the women writer in the Victorian Age wrote Epistolary Fictions, and in this style the narrator wrote to an audience for her private ear, which weaked the male society in minimum. Jane Eyre is not an Epistolary Fictions, but the application of "reader" in the work resembles the application in the Epistolary Fictions. Charlotte Bronte comprised with the existing society authority through this way.In the third place, this work makes a balance between transcendence and harmonious in Governess Fiction. The narrator in Governess Fictions before Bronte is different from the heroine, who can lesson the heroin in morality superiority; while the narrator in Jane Eyre conforms to each other. Jane Eyre’s word is radical in some occasions, but her words gradually became calm, even silent throughout the whole work, which obeyed the idea of Victorian Age.At last, the work makes a balance between serious novel and popular novel. Brone, as an inexperienced but teeming woman, has her own thought and will. She had to compromise to the society context because of the limit of her time and her idea and economy difficulty.更多还原