【作者】 戴美松；

【导师】 姜卫兵；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 果树学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 光合作用是果树生长发育和物质生产的基础，同时又是对环境条件变化非常敏感的生理过程。设施栽培是果树集约化栽培的重要方面，通过调控果树生长发育的小环境，以达到各种生产目的。其中，促成-避雨栽培设施是近几年来江南地区出现的新型果树栽培设施，在葡萄保护性生产上的应用较多。但由于发展历史较短，有关设施栽培生理，特别是光合作用研究开展的较少，生产管理上多依赖栽培者的经验，因此，开展光合作用方面的研究意义重大。本文以葡萄为试材，利用CIRAS-1光合作用测定系统，配合气象资料观测和室内生化分析，系统研究了该种栽培设施内葡萄光合参数特性、光合日变化、光合作用效率、光强和CO₂的响应特性、叶片质量和光合色素含量的变化，及设施内主要环境因子的变化规律及其相互关系，并探索了筛选适宜该种类型设施栽培的优良高光效葡萄品种。试验结果表明： 1．促成—避雨栽培设施内主要环境因子变化规律 （1）设施内部有较高的Ts（包括0cm、5cm、10cm、15cm和20cm深度土层），提高的幅度在晴天时和在促成阶段时更明显；日变化规律在不同深度土层间以及在不同的天气类型下有明显差异；季节变化在测定期间呈波动上升趋势；测定期间（3-9月份），设施内和设施外各对应深度Ts相关性达到极显著水平；（2）一天中，6：00左右日出前，设施内外Ta达到最低值，在午后14：00左右达到最大值，随后下降；设施内Ta上升阶段的上升速率明显高于、下降阶段的下降速率明显低于对照；设施内Ta始终高于露地对照，内外温差在促成阶段较大，在避雨阶段较小；测定期间，设施内和设施外的大气平均温度、大气平均最高温度和大气平均最低温度间相关性均达到极显著水平；大气平均温度与各深度Ts间相关性在设施内外间亦达到极显著水平；（3）夜间设施内RH在90％以上；晴天，当Ta达到最大时，RH达到最低点；季节变化中RH在测定期间保持稳定；（4）设施削弱了PFD，但对Ca没有影响。 2．大棚促成—避雨栽培条件下7个葡萄品种叶片光合特性比较研究 以促成-避雨设施内栽培的7个新引进的优良葡萄品种（8611、8612、黎明无核、里扎马特、郑州早玉、贵妃玫瑰和森田尼无核）为试材，研究了适宜该种设施小环境栽培品种筛选。（1）7个品种Pn日变化规律差异明显，其中在促成阶段（5月份）7个品种呈典型“双峰”型变化。在避雨阶段（8月份），郑州早玉、贵妃玫瑰和森田尼无核品种呈“单峰”型变化，里扎马特、8611、8612和黎明无核品种呈“双峰型”变化；（2）总体而言，在促成阶段各品种的Pn、Pn日积分值、Tr、WUE、LSP和CSP相对于避雨阶段较高，Gs、AQY、CE、LCP和CCP则较低；（3）各葡萄品种的Pn、LSP、LCP在促成阶段分别为5.74±4.33～7.87±5.85C02 μ mol·m-2·s-1、494～1110 μ mol·m-2·s-1和9.6～51.5 μ江南地区大棚促成一避雨栽培对菊萄光合特性影响的研究mo卜m--2.s一1，在避雨阶段分别为3.85士1.82一5.62土3.23林mol·m--2.s一1、806-1407“mol·m一2·s一1和16.5一33.5“:01·:一2·s一z:各品种的CSP、CCP在促成阶段分别为7 17一1500扒L·L一z、60.6一88.0林L·L一1，在避雨阶段分别为944一1601林L.L一1、14.1一”.1“L.L一1;（’）上述指标在不同栽培阶段各品种间的差异显著，其中黎明无核、里扎马特和郑州早育Pn、Pn日积分值、wuE、AQY、cE、LsP和csP均相对较高，而LCP和ccP相对较低，较适宜该种设施栽培类型。3.不同天气类型条件下大棚避雨栽培对葡萄光合日变化的影响 以促成一避雨大栩内外栽培的三年生美人指（vitis vinifera，c.v.Manicure Finger）品种和藤穗（vitis vinifera、labrusea，e.v.Fuji田inori）品种为试材，研究了大栩设施栽培内葡萄光合日变化规律.（1）一天中，两品种叶片的Pn、wUE、Gs、Tr、ci和Ls值呈规律性变化;（2）晴天美人指品种设施内和寡地对照的Pn日变化呈典型“双峰”曲线型，在阴天则为“单峰”型变化;晴天藤趁品种设施内Pn日变化为“单峰”曲线变化，露地对照为“双峰”型，在阴天则设施内和寡地对照皆呈“单峰”型变化;(3股施栽培降低了两品种的Pn日均值和Pn日积分值，其中晴天设施内美人指品种Pn日均值比寡地对照降低1 8.7%，藤趁品种为13.1%;阴天时两品种的Pn日均值降幅分别为48.7%和33.5%;(4欣施栽培在两种天气类型下皆降低了两品种的叶片WUE，增加了Gs、Tr和ci，但各指标的降幅不同品种，以及在不同天气类型下有所不同;（5）睛天，设施内外两品种午间Pn下降的主要原因是气孔限制。4.促成一避雨栽培对有萄叶质、光合色素及光合效率影响的研究 以促成一避雨大栩内外栽培的三年生美人指（vitis vinifera，c.v.Manieure Finger）品种和藤趁（Vitis viniferaxlabrusea，c.v.Fujiminori）品种为试材，研究了大栩设施栽培对葡萄叶片质量、光合色素含量以及光合效率的影响.（1）大栩栽培降低了萄萄叶片厚度、比叶鲜重;（2）大栩栽培增加了两品种叶片单位鲜重Ch la、Chlb和总Chl含量，以及降低了Ch la/b比值在整个测定期间的平均值;（3）大栩栽培提高了两品种叶片的AQY和cE.5.促成一避雨设施栽培净光合速率与其它生理参数及环境微气象因子关系的灰?更多还原

【Abstract】 Photosynthesis is the basis of growth and development of plants, which provides the basic organic substances and energy for all life activities, and is very sensitive to the variation of environment. F-C & R-S-C plastic greenhouse was a newly kind of planting establishment of fruit trees, which was applied extensively as a protective greenhouse of grapevine cultivation in South area of Yangtse River. As a result of short development history, physiological research on fruit trees which cultivated in this kind of plastic greenhouse .especially photosynthesis, were few, most of supervisors depend on their limited experience to manage production So, it’s important to study the mechanisms that how F-C & R-S-C cultivation effects grapevine photosynthesis. In this paper, photosynthetic properties, diurnal variation of photosynthesis, photosynthetic efficiency, leaf response curves to PFD and CO2, leaf qualities and photosynthetic pigments content were studied on grapevine varieties cultivated inside and outside this kind of greenhouse. We also studied the change rules of main environmental factors. The results showed:1. Variation Rule of Main Environmental Factors in F-C & R-S-C Plastic Greenhouse(1)There existed higher Ts(consist of each depth of soil temperature ,such as Ocm,5cm, 10cm, 15cm and 20cm) inside greenhouse, which trend were more remarkable during sunny day and F-C phrase; Rules of diurnal variation varied at different depth of soil or at different weather conditions; Ts of each depth of soil was increased fluctuantly during the experiment minute; The Ts of each depth of soil inside greenhouse was obviously correlated to that outside greenhouse; (2)The value Ta inside and outside greenhouse reached Min. before sun rise(at about 6 o’clock), and reached Max. at about 14:00 o’clock, whereafter decreased; Mean of Ta, mean of Max. Ta, and mean of Min. Ta inside greenhouse were remarkably correlated those outside greenhouse; (3)RH remained higher during the night(above 90%);It reached the Min. at the time which Ta reached the Max.; (4)The PFD were weakened by greenhouse, but no influence were found on Ca.2. Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics in Leaves of 7 grapevine Varieties Cultivated in F-C & R-S-C Plastic Greenhouse(1)Diumal variation of Pn of 7 hothouse varieties had remarkable differences. Double-apex curves of Pn diurnal variation of 7 varieties were showed at F-C phrase(May.). During the R-S-C phrase(Aug.), the diurnal curves of Pn of ’Zhengzhouzaoyu’, ’Guifeimeigui’ and ’Sentianniwuhe’ varieties were single-apex curves, while ’Lizhamate’, ’8611’, ’8612’ and ’Limingwuhe’ varieties were double-apex curves;(2)As a whole, there were higher value of leaf Pn, diurnalintegral of Pn, Tr, WUE, LSP, CSP and lower value of leaf Gs, AQY, CE, LCP, CCP during the F-C phrase than those during the R-S-C phrase;d)The value of leaf Pn, LSP, LCP of 7 hothouse varieties were 5.74 4.33~7.87 5.85C02umol-m’2-s’’, 494~1110 mol-m"2-s~1, 9.6~51.5umol-m’2-s-1 respectively during the F-C phrase, and 3.85 1.82 ~ 5.62 3.23umol-rnV, 806 ~ 1407 mol-m-2s-1, 16.5 ~ 33.5umol-m’V respectively during the R-S-C phrase; The value of leaf CSP, CCP of 7 hothouse varieties were 717~1500uL-L~1, 60.6~88.0uL-L’’ respectively during the F-C phrase, and 944~1601uL-L*1,14.1~59.1uL-L"1 respectively during the R-S-C phrase;(DComparison of photosynthetic parameters before-mentioned, it showed that ’Limingwuhe’, ’Lizhamate’ and ’Zhengzhouzaoyu’ varieties had higher value of leaf Pn, diurnal integral of Pn, WUE, AQY, CE, LSP, CSP and lower value of leaf LCP, CCP that those of other varieties, thereby more adapted to this kind of greenhouse.3. Effect of R-S-C Cultivation on Diurnal Variation of Photosynthesis in Leaves of Grapevine at Different Weather Conditions(1)The value of Pn,WUE,Gs,Tr,Ci and Ls were changed regularly during the day; (2)Diurnal variation of Pn of Manicure Finger grown inside and outside greenhouse appeared to be a marked double-peak curve in the sunny day and a one-peak curve in the overcast day. Diurnal variat更多还原