【作者】 陈小娟；

【导师】 李朝东；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 社会学， 2004， 硕士

【副题名】以芦堡村为例

【摘要】 处在从传统社会向现代社会转型过程中的中国，有一个社会产业结构和城乡结构的转换过程。中国社会正在经历一个这样的社会结构变迁过程，而这个社会结构变迁是同社会流动密切相联系的。 农村流动人口既是中国社会结构变迁的产物，也是中国社会结构变迁的主体。农村流动人口的产生是中国社会特殊的经济、政治、文化和制度安排因素互动的结果，集中体现了中国社会转型的特殊性。因此，农村流动人口是一个极具研究价值的群体。在已有研究的基础上，本文选择文化社会学视角，通过个案实地研究，从文化变迁的过程中，探讨了一个社会中文化与结构、制度、行动者及其活动之间相互建构、相互制约的关系。 本文的主体第一部分，探讨了农村流动人口产生的源头——凝固的乡土社会，即变迁前的文化样式。研究中国传统文化和乡村社会文化是如何与经济发展和社会结构发展相适应，将农民牢固的固化在土地上，并通过文化观念的内化塑造中国农民安土重迁的文化心理，从而进一步固化中国社会结构。第二部分，分析了农村流动人口产生的社会大背景——现代化和社会转型，从经济和社会发展的角度探索了文化变迁发生的社会条件机制。第三部分，从文化变迁的内容——现代性体验，研究了流动人口文化变迁在个体、社区和社会层次上的功能和意义，以及文化变迁在社会现代化中的地位。第四部分，研究了文化变迁过程中的文化冲突，分析了文化冲突产生的深层根源，文化冲突对于社会发展影响。第五部分得出结论并进行讨论：农村流动人口的流动是具有社会文化价值的现象。从不流动到流动，是社会结构的变迁，也是社会结构作用于文化观念引起的文化变迁。在流动中乡村流动人口既通过现代性体验，改变和更新着已有的文化观念，同时也在流动的冲突中体验着文化变迁所引发的文化冲突与文化失调。在这一过程中，文化作为一种力量，它建立在经济和社会结构基础之上并反映其特性，但文化自身的独立性又反作用于社会结构。经济的发展推动了社会结构的转型，为农民提供了流动的可能与机会，文化观念的变迁又作为动力推动了这一行为的现实性转变，并形成一种惯性，从思维深处和精神世界底层改变着人们的行为。社会结构的转型必须配合文化的变迁才可能深刻改变社会的面貌、改变置身其间的每一个个体。所以大规模的农村人口流动既是社会结构变迁的结果，也是一次观念转型和文化变迁的运动。更多还原

【Abstract】 Billions of peasants standing at the threshold of industrial civilization-a major issue for the social science to solve at the latter half of the 20th century. As for China, being an agricultural country, such issue appears even more arduous and urgent. In the transition from tradition to modern, Chinese society is undergoing a transformation from agricultural population to non-agricultural population, rural population to urban population and peasants to workers. And this transformation is closely related to social mobility.Rural migrant population is not only the product of the social structure transformation, but also the main body of it. As the result of interaction among economy, politics, culture and institution, Chinese rural migrant population embodies the unique characteristic of Chinese society in transition. Hence, Chinese rural migrant population is a group of great research value. Based on the previous research works, the thesis, a case study, discusses the interrelationship among culture, social structure, institution, agents and their acts from the perspective of cultural sociology.The first part of the research explores the origin of the rural migrant population-the solidified rustic China, so as to demonstrate the cultural mode before the change. This part mainly focuses on how Chinese traditional culture and rural culture interact with economic development and social structure to fix the peasants upon the farmland. Moreover, internalization of the culture concept reinforces their land-attached mentality. All of these further occlude Chinese social structure. The second part gives the analysis of the social background-modernization and social transformation, in order to reveal the social mechanism of the culture transition from the perspectives of economy and social structure. The third part highlights the modernity experiences, which are the core of the culture change. It studies the functions and the effect such experiences brought upon the levels of individual, community and society to show its significance in the process of social modernization. The fourth part probes into the culture conflict rooted in theculture transition. It analyzes the root of the conflict and its impact on the society. The last part comes to the conclusion that the migration of the rural population is of culture value. From the land-attachment to the migration is the consequence of the social change and much more of the culture change. In migration the rural population not only change and refresh their culture conception through the modernity experience, but also experience the sharp conflicts. During such process culture plays a kind of power which is built up upon the economy and social structure and reflects them, but it also has the retraction as an independent power. The economic development has caused social structure transformation which gives rise to the opportunities and possibilities for rural migration. Nevertheless, as a kind of drive force, the culture change promotes such action and finally turns into a certain inertia to modify people’s behaviors from the bottom of their spiritual world. The social conditions and the individuals cannot be fundamentally changed unless the transformation of social structure goes with the culture change. Therefore, the large-scale rural migration is the result social structure transformation, but a movement of idealistic and cultural change as well.更多还原