【作者】 刘超；

【导师】 张应林；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 英语新闻语篇分析兴起于二十世纪六十年代，迄今已有四十多年的历史。这些分析研究多半是从英语新闻的词汇特征，修辞特征，句法特征等语言学角度出发；还有一些从英语新闻语篇的构成入手进而分别对其各个构成部分的词汇、修辞、句法等特征进行更为细致的讨论。然而从系统功能语法的角度来分析研究英语新闻语篇特征的研究还不够。此外，许多语言学家都只是从句法平面上考虑了英语中主动语态与被动语态的区别以及被动语态的用法，这亦是远远不够的。从语用来看，主动语态与被动语态在语篇中的不同选择将会带来不同的意义，因而系统功能语法学家除了从句法平面上分析被动语态，而且还从语篇层面上来分析。本文以Halliday提出的三大纯理功能之一的语篇功能理论为基础，从系统功能语法的角度来分析英语时政新闻中被动语态的语篇功能，以期探求研究英语被动语态(尤其是其在新闻英语中时政新闻方面的应用)的新思路，为英语被动语态的研究提供一种新的视野，并通过分析揭示被动语态在时政新闻语篇中的特殊功用，以此证明系统功能语法能够并且能有效地指导英语新闻语篇分析的实践。 论文首先详细地介绍了系统功能语法的基本理论。文章第二章介绍功能语法的理论主张。功能语法从语言的功能的角度总结出语言的三大元功能：概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能。概念功能包括经验功能和逻辑功能、经验功能是描述人们对客观世界的看法及其在客观世界中的具体经验过程的功能。及物性是经验功能中的一个重要概念。人际功能描述交际者之间的关系和信息交流。语气和情态是人际功能的重要组成部分(黄国文，2001：79)。语篇功能是描述语言构建语篇的功能。在语篇形式上，语篇功能通过主位/述位关系来实现；在语篇意义上，语篇功能则通过衔接来体现。主位/述位结构和衔接，一个有形一个无形，互相交织在一起共同完成构建语篇的任务。论文的第三章从传统语法和系统功能语法的角度分别探讨了英语的被动语态以及被动语态所使用的场合，以及英语新闻，其中包括对新闻的界定，新闻的媒介和新闻的组成部分硕士学位论文一以及新闻语篇的特点。 在回顾了系统功能语法的基本理论观点、被动语态及英语新闻的基本知识后，论文作者开始把该语法的理论主张应用到英语新闻语篇中的被动语态的分析的实践。论文作者收集了1999年至2000年美国《时代周刊》中W6rld Watch栏目中的一百五十篇新闻语篇，分析了包含被动语态小句的篇章的比例，作者认为被动语态是英语新闻语篇中的重要语言现象。论文接着对新闻语篇中的被动语态从功能语法的角度对其进行语篇层面上的分析。作者分别从主位结构、主位/述位关系着手探讨了被动语态在英语新闻语篇中的语篇功能。从对被选取的十三则包含被动语态及一则不含被动语态的语篇分析来看，被动语态具有六个方面的语篇功能:突出主题功能、引入主题功能、转换主题功能、凸显焦点功能、对比焦点功能以及语篇衔接功能。从这六种语篇功能可看出，被动语态具有很强的语用重组性，它利用语用重组这一手段，可以将句子成分前置或后置，对信息编排的先后顺序进行重组或调整，从而使语篇信息编排上下衔接，‘语义连贯，(成为一个统一的语义整体。另外，这六种语篇功能并不是孤立存在的，它们是相辅相成的，一个被动语态并不可能只起到一种语篇功能，而往往同时具有多种语篇功能。这表明，被动语态的六种语篇功能往往共同作用于语篇的重组，使语篇成为一个结构上衔接、语义上连贯的有机整体。更为重要的是新闻语篇的作者对于被动语态的选择是由其一定的目的与意义，这与被动语态与新闻语篇的重要特征之一的客观性之间的联系是密不可分的。 通过以上论述和分析，作者证明了系统功能语法的理论能够用来分析英语新闻语篇。而且，作者认为这种分析方法是有效的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The studies on English journalistic text in China began in the early 1980s and became prosperous in the early 1990s. Most of these studies are done from the lexical, syntactic or rhetorical perspectives. Some researches base their researches on the components of English journalistic texts and then analyze one specific component from the above three perspectives. The discussion about the Systemic-Functional Grammar (SFG) in China began in the 1970s. However, it is not until the late 1980s that it became a popular practice. Most of these researches aim to introduce the fundamental claims of the SFG and only a few researches have tried to use the theories of SFG to guide the practice of comprehension of texts. But few scholars make the attempt to use the theories of the SFG to analyze English journalistic text.Passive voice is one of the two voices in English language and different schools of linguistics have studied passivism from different angles, commonly within the grammatical scope at the syntactic level, grammatical level and semantic level. Analysis has found that it occupies quite a proportion in English journalistic texts. However, according to the author’s collected information and materials, there is no evidence to show that researches on passivism in journalistic texts have been done from the perspective of SFG. Owing to this situation, the author of this thesis makes an initiative and tentative endeavor to apply the theoretical claims of the SFG to the analysis of passivism of English journalistic texts, hoping to prove that the theories of SFG can be used to analyze English journalistic texts and are actually effective.To address the topic, this thesis adopts the method of positivism. Using all those claims of the SFG, the author analyzes thirteen journalistic texts in detail.From the Systemic-Grammar perspective, this thesis discusses the textual function of passivism in English journalistic text. At the same time, the research method of comparison is also adopted. In certain journalistic texts selected as examples in the thesis, passive clauses have been converted into non-passive clauses, through which the comparison is established in order to show that passivism does not only realize the textual functions but also contributes to the realization of objectivity of a journalistic text. Through the analysis and discussion the thesis finds that journalistic texts which are narrating-oriented tend to have six functions: i.e. theme-stressing function, theme-introducing function, theme-transferring function, focus-protruding function, focus-contrasting function and cohesion-developing function.From the analysis the author finds that passivism is very important in organizing a journalistic text through the means of pragmatic rearrangement, i.e. rearrangement of information. In addition these six functions of passivism are not realized individually in a journalistic text. A passive clause may have several functions in a text. With these textual functions, passivism helps to establish the cohesion and semantic unity of an English journalistic text. Moreover, the intentional employment of passivism contributes heavily to the realization of objectivity, the major characteristic of journalistic texts.更多还原