【作者】 苏小东；

【导师】 李树伟；

【作者基本信息】 四川师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在共振光散射技术和比浊法的基础上创新性地提出了一种将二者相结合的新的光谱分析方法——共振光散射比浊法(Resonance Light Scattering Turbidimetry，RLST)。在发展共振光散射理论和应用方面作出了创新，对共振光散射比浊法的理论以及其在环境分析中的应用进行了研究。同时，本文也介绍了在共振光散射领域进行的其他方面的研究工作。 本文简要介绍了共振光散射技术的历史和研究现状，总结了共振光散射技术的特点，提出了加强基础理论研究和扩大共振光散射的应用领域等方面是共振光散射技术的发展趋势。同时，本章也报告了两个新的有机染料共振光散射探针用于蛋白质测定的研究工作。介绍了比浊法的基本方法和原理，总结了比浊法在环境分析，临床分析，工业分析等分析领域的应用现状及其优缺点。 结合比浊法和共振光散射光谱法的基本原理，提出了一种用共振光散射技术作为检测手段的新的光谱分析方法—共振光散射比浊法(Resonance Light Scattering Turbidimetry,RLST)。指出组成稳定的较大粒径胶体体系的形成是共振光散射比浊法的基本条件，胶体溶液的涨落现象是光散射的根本原因之一。建立了共振光散射比浊法的定量方程，同时展望了共振光散射比浊法的应用前景。 首次报告了新的分析技术—共振光散射比浊法的环境样品的实际应用，研究了新方法的相关理论，具体进行了共振光散射比浊法在测定氯离子，硫酸根离子，钾离子方面的应用研究。在共振光散射比浊法测定氯离子研究中，发现空白液本身共振光散射现象微弱，而形成氯化银胶体溶液后，共振光散射强度显著增加，在λ=510nm处有较强且稳定的光散射强度，且在0～14四川师范大学硕士毕业论文陀/mL范围内共振光散射强度与氯离子浓度呈线性关系，检出限为0.04陀/吐，回收率在98.7%~102%之间，相对标准偏差在1.1%~2.2%之间。将该方法应用于自来水和酸性镀铜液中氯离子的测定，结果令人满意。在应用共振光散射比浊法测定硫酸根离子的研究中发现空白液的共振光散射微弱，当加入硫酸根后体系的共振光散射强度显著增加，且在2~25陀/吐范围内呈线性关系，检出限为0.23陀/mL。并将该方法应用于食盐中的硫酸根离子的测定。实验证明该方法能满足实际生产的要求。另外我们还建立了共振光散射比浊法测定钾离子的体系，在B一R缓冲溶液中，钾与四苯硼钠反应生成散射体系使共振光散射强度大大增强。在人二5 78nln处，光散射强度较大且较稳定，在0.0~4 .6x10一与。呱浓度范围内与钾浓度成线性关系，检测限为0.124x 10一6m。呱。该法用于尿样中钾含量的测定，测量结果与原子吸收法相比，结果令人满意。同时研究了三个实验体系的最佳测定条件及共存离子的干扰情况。实验结果表明:三体系均具有高灵敏度、简便、快速的特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of Resonance light scattering technique and Turbidimetry, this paper advances a new spectral analytical method of combining the two of them-Resonance Light Scattering Turbidimetry, that is RLST. And, the paper also gives the research about the theory of RLST as well as its application in the environmental analysis.there is a brief introduction of the researchful actuality and history about Resonance Light Scattering Technology and a conclusion about the characteristics of this technology. Besides, this part also reports that it’s developing tendency for this technology to reenforce the fundamental theoretical study and enlarge the applicative fields of Resonance Light Scattering. We also reports two other dyes as probes of RLS in determining protein.There is to introduce the basic method and theory of Turbidimetry. It draws a conclusion on the application actuality, advantages and disadvantages about Turbidimetry which is used in environmental analysis, clinical analysis, industrial analysis and so on.Based on the combination of the characteristics of Turbidimetry, the basic theory of Resonance Light Scattering Technology and the colloid chemistry, we put forward Resonance Light Scattering Turbidemetry, which uses Resonance Light Scattering Technique as the test technique of the new spectral analytical method. We say that the formation of the big stable particulate colloid system is the basic qualification for RLST. And the rising and falling phenomena of colloid solution is one of the reasons for the light scattering. This paper forms the ration equation of RLST. At the same time, we prospect of the application foreground of RLST.we study the application of RLST used in the determination for Chloride ions, Sulfate ions, and Potassium ions. In the study of determining Chloride ions withRLST, it is found that the Resonance Light Scattering intensity of the blank is weak. However, when it becomes silver chloride colloid liquid, the Resonance light scattering increases obviously. At the place where A =510nm, there exists a strong and stable light scattering intensity. Within 0~14ug/ml, Resonance light scattering intensity has the linear relationship with the thickness of Chloride ions. The detection limit is at 0.04ug/mL. The recoveries of the method are in the range 98.7%~102%. The relative standard deviation is between 1.1%~2.2%. Using this method to determine the Chloride ions in the tap water and Chloride ions in acid copper plating bath, we can get a satisfactory result. During the study of determining the sulfate ions with this method, we also can find the Resonance light scattering of the blank is weak. But after we add the Sulfate ions, the Resonance light scattering intensity will remarkably increase. And it will show us the linear relationship within 2~25ug/ml, with the detection limit at 0.23ug/ml. Testing the sulfate ions in the salt with this method, it proves that the method can be used in the practical production. What’s more, we establish a system for determining potassium ions with RLST. In the B-R buffering solution, the reaction of Potassium and sodium tetraphenyl borate can form a scattering system which will greatly increase the intensity of Resonance light scattering. At the place where X =578nm,the light scattering is the maximum and stable, with 0.0-4.6 X 10 ~4mol/L, it has the linear relationship with the thickness of Potassium ions. The detection limit is at 0.124 X 10~6 mol/L. With this method to determine the content of Potassium ions in the Urine, we can get a result that satisfies us. We have also studied the best conditions for the three experimental systems and the interference situation of the coexistent ions. The result of the experiment proves that all of the three systems have the same characteristics: high sensibility, simpleness and high speed.更多还原