【作者】 刘丹；

【导师】 董仁杰；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业生物环境与能源工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 氨气对气候和人畜健康带来危害，我国是养猪大国，养猪生产中氨气带来的环境污染问题不容忽视。为了实现猪舍内氨气污染量的控制，使得有关的环境标准得以实施，对一定饲养管理水平和环境条件下的氨气挥发量进行预测是很有必要的。 本研究从氨气挥发机理出发，在综合文献对氨气挥发因子的分析基础上，确定了氨气动态挥发模型以及模型中有关参数的选择；通过对河北省安平猪场两种猪舍内不同环境控制条件下的实验研究，对模型进行了验证，并对pH值、温度、地面风速、热压四因素进行了灵敏度分析。实验研究的重要结论如下： 1．在猪的行为学基础上，对尿坑挥发面积的分析采取了主观判断和一定的假设。 2．通过对新鲜尿液挥发时间的模拟，将模拟计算的时间定为3小时。 3．机械通风或自然风速较稳定时，舍内一天中总的氨气挥发量模型值与实测值差别在20％以内；较稳定的自然通风条件下，一天中各时刻的挥发量模型值与实测值波动情况较相似，实测值波峰出现的时间较模型值要迟。 4．跟据实际环境条件对模型灵敏度进行分析发现，温度、pH、风速以及冬季热压在一定程度(如季节温差、0.1个pH值、季节地面风速变化、0.1mm水柱)上的变化对各时间段平均挥发量的模型结果影响很大(接近或超过了10％)。所以通过环境条件的控制来减小舍内氨气挥发是行之有效的。 本研究是利用动态模型来预测我国规模化养猪场猪舍内氨气挥发量的初步探索，合适的经验参数的选取、模型待定参数的测试分析方法的规范化、输入精度的提高、用于简化计算和应用过程的软件等都是有待进一步研究的课题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The environment problem caused by ammonia emission from manure in pig farming are getting more serious especially when this practice are getting larger and more intensive. To implement the already issued environment standards and control the ammonia emission in pig houses, it is necessary to predicting the amount of ammonia emission in different breeding management levels and environmental conditions.Based on the emission mechanics, this research synthesizes many analysis about ammonia emission factors in literature, concludes a dynamic model with many empirical sub-model. Through a serial of experiments in Anping farm in North China, the model is verified, and sensitivities of major factors as pH value, temperature, air velocity and thematic pressure are analyzed. Some conclusions are made based on this experimental study:1. Based on pig’s behavior theory, used some hypothesis and subjective estimate to analysis emission area;2. By calculating the time of urea conversion with computer, the time of ammonia emission per urination is simplified to 3 hours;3. When the velocity rate are controllable or relatively stable, the calculated result are very closed to the directly measuring amount calculated by multiplying concentration and vent volume by the variation of less than 20%, So the model are verified at some extent;4. Sensitivity of major factors are analyzed, it found that, temperature, pH value, air rate and thematic pressure are of high sensitivity in this dynamic model. Therefore, we can effectively control the ammonia emission in pig houses by changing indoor environment.This research is a preliminary exploration to the dynamic model application. In the future, efforts will need to be focus on: choose of appropriate empirical parameter values, standardization of experimental methods of model input, further strict verifications of the model results, software to simplify both calculation and implemental process.更多还原