【作者】 孙凤青；

【导师】 王豪举；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 临床兽医学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 一些研究表明，热应激可明显影响奶牛生理机能，导致奶牛泌乳量大幅度下滑。在重庆这样的地区，夏季高温、高湿天气较多，热应激对奶牛影响尤为严重。能否做好防暑降温工作，有效防制奶牛热应激，成了保持夏季奶牛高生产性能的关键。中草药来源广、成本低、药效好、药效长、毒副作用小，使用方便，在众多防制热应激措施中，应用中草药具有独特优势。中草药复方制剂“热喘平”是经多次临床试验，从多个配方中筛选出的治疗热应激效果较好的药物。本试验以20头中国荷斯坦奶牛为主要研究对象，通过测定分析奶牛生产性能、生理指标、血液生化指标及人工气候条件下实验动物血液指标，分析探索中草药复方制剂“热喘平”对奶牛内环境的影响及治疗奶牛热应激的机理。主要试验结果如下： 1．热应激使奶牛直肠温度平均上升0.34℃（P＜0.05）；呼吸次数平均增加31.97次／min（P＜0.05）；心率平均升高约5.94次／min（P＜0.05）。应用中草药“热喘平”可使奶牛直肠温度降低到与非热应激期差异不显著（P＞0.05）；使呼吸数降低14.67次／min，达到与对照组差异显著（P＜0.05）；使奶牛心率平均降低4.55次／min，同非热应激期差异不显著（P＞0.05）。 2．受热应激影响，对照组奶牛每头日产奶量平均下降3.54Kg，下降显著（P＜0.05）；奶比重平均下降0.0041，极显著（P＜0.01）。而用药组奶牛与非应激期比，日单产量平均下降2.03Kg，下降不显著（P＞0.05）；奶比重下降0.0027，极显著（P＜0.01）。应用药物能使每头奶牛日产量提高1.51Kg；奶比重升高0.0014，差异极显著（P＜0.01）。 3．热应激状态下，对照组奶牛血清中[K⁺]升高1.3mmol／L（P＜0.05）；[Na⁺]降低5.17mmol／L（P＞0.05）；[Cl^-]升高2.54mmol／L（P＜0.05）；血浆CO₂CP比非热应激期上升1.79mmol／L（P＞0.05）；血清pH值下降0.143（P＜0.01）。试验组奶牛血清[K⁺]升高0.92mmol／L（P＜0.05）；[Na⁺]升高0.54mmol／L（P＞0.05）；[Cl^-]升高2.78mmol／L（P＜0.05）；血浆CO₂CP只增加0.23mmol／L（P＞0.05）；血清pH值仅下降0.002（P＞0.05）。应用“热喘平”治疗奶牛热应激使血清[K⁺]降低0.38mmol／L（P＞0.05）；[Na⁺]升高5.71mmol／L（P＞0.05）；[Cl^-]升高0.24mmol／L；血浆CO₂CP下降1.56mmol／L；pH值升高0.141，与非热应激前期差异不显著（P＞0.05）。 4．对照组奶牛受热应激影响，血清TP下降8.48g／L（P＜0.01）；ALB下降1.89g／L（P＞0.05）；G下降6.81g／L（P＜0.05）；IgG上升0.11g／L（P＞0.05）。试验组奶牛血清TP下降6.72g／L（P＞0.05）；ALB下降2.07g／L（P＞0.05）；G下降4.46g／L（P＞0.05）；IgG上升0.24g／L（P＜0.05）。应用药物治疗奶牛热应激使血清TP升高1.76g／L；G升高2.35g／L；IgG上升0.13g／L。 5．受热应激影响，对照组奶牛血清ALT活性升高1.24U／L（P＞0.05），AKP活性降低14.93U／L（P＞0.05），γ-GT活性降低13.21U／L（P＞0.05），LDH活性升高49.6U／L（P＞0.05），a-AMY活性降低17.07U／L（P＞0.05）；试验组奶牛血清ALT活性下降4.75g／L（P＞0.05），AKP活性降低下降4.84U／L（P＞0.05），γ-GT活性降低22.27U／L（P＞0.05），LDH活性降低18.5U／L 西南农业人学硕I:学位论文里里里巴里里里粤里里里里里里里里巴里里里里巴里巴里巴目巴里里里里里巴里里里里里里里里里里里里里里里目里 （P>0.05），a一AMY活性降低26.22U/L（P>0.05）。应用药物治疗热应激奶牛使ALT活性下降5.99U/L，AKP活性恢复10.09U/L，丫一GT活性降低9.06U几，LDH活性降低66.58UIL （P>0.05），a一AMY活性降低9.1 SUIL。 6.热应激使对照组奶牛一血清ACTH升高1 .06p创ml（P<0 .01），皮质醇含量增加约21 .4林留ml （p<0 .05），ALD降低0.01 ing/ml（P>0.05），T3降低0.02n留ml（卜0.05），T4降低10.63n留m】 （p<0 .05），IL一2降低0.4ng/ml（p<0 .05）:试验组奶牛ACTH升高0.84p留ml（卜0.05），皮质醇增加了12.41留ml（伶0.05），ALD升高0.ooln岁ml（p>0 .05），T3升高o.15n岁ml（P>0，05），几降低5.86n留m!（卜0.05），IL一2降低0.28n创ml（P>0.05）.应用中草药“热喘平”可以使热应激奶牛ACTH分泌减少0.22pglm.:皮质醉分泌量减少8.99林留ml;ALD含量升高0.012n留ml;T;含量升高0.17n留mI;几含量增加4.82n创ml;1L一2含量升高o.12n留ml。 7.人一I:模拟热应激环境下，应用中草药“热喘平”可使热对照组家兔、小白鼠血清IK+l分别卜降0.36mmol/L（P>0.05）、1 .07mmollL（P<0 .05），[Cll分别降低2.88mmol/L（P<0 .05）、3.85mmollL（p<0.05），[Na+]分别升高2.6mmol几（p>0.05）、4.50mmol/L（p>0.05），血清pH值分别升高0.06（p<0 .05）、0.04（P>0.05）:使TP分别升高12.17留L（p<0.05）、5.25创L（P<0 .05），ALa分别升高3.83glL（P>0.05）、0，33叭（P>0.05），G分别提高8.33glL（p<0.01）、4.929/L （p<0.05），IgG增加0.1 59/1.（p<0.05）、0.17眺（p<0 .01）;ALT活性分别降低5.33U几（p<0 .05）、14.67U几（P<0 .01），使GOT活性分别降低16.42U几（P<0 .01）、32.17U几（P<0 .01），AKP活性分别升高27U/L（P<0 .05）、14.33U几（P切.01），LDH活性分别降?更多还原

【Abstract】 Some researches indicate that dairy cow physiological function may be affected by heat stress, which result in milk production decreasing in a large scale. There are too many days with high temperature and humidity in summer in the regions such as Chonging. The influence of heat stress on dairy cow is especially severe. Trying all possible ways to prevent heatstroke, to cool down and to cure dairy cow heat stress effectively becomes the key technique of keeping high milk production. Chinese herbal medicine has the advantage of wide sources, low cost, reliable and lasting effect, low side effect, and usage convenience. Of many methods preventing and curing heat stress, Chinese herbal medicine has its unique superiority. Chinese medicine polypharmacon Re Chuan Ping, which is selected from several prescriptions through many clinical tests, is a polypharmacon with better effect on preventing and curing heat stress. In this research, 20 Chinese Holstein cows are chosen as research objects, and through measuring and analyzing two group dairy cows’ productivity, physiological indexes and blood biochemical indexes as well as the blood biochemical indexes of the laboratory animals fed under artificial climate condition, we study the effect of Chinese medicine polypharmacon Re Chuan Ping on cow inner milieu and its mechanism of curing heat stress. The main methods and results are as following:1. Heat stress results in rectum temperature increasing 0.34℃ on average (P<0.05), makes respiration frequency increase 31.97 times per minute (P<0.05) and makes heart rate increase about 5.94 times per minute (P<0.05). Applying Chinese herbal medicine polypharmacon Re Chuan Ping can make rectum temperature reduce to a lower level which has no significant difference with heat stress state (P>0.05), make respiration frequency decrease 14.67 times per minute, which differs significantly from control group (P<0.05) and make dairy cow heart rate decrease 4.55 times per minute, which have no significant difference compared with heat stress state (P>0.05).2.Dairy cow being affected by heat stress in control group, daily milk production reduce 3.54Kgon average (P<0.05) and decrease notably; and milk specific gravity decrease 0.0041 notably (P<0.01). While in group taking medicine, daily milk production reduce 2.03 Kg on average (P>0.05), which is un-notable, and milk specific gravity decrease 0.0027 (P<0.01), which is very notable. In the group taking medicine, daily milk production may increase 1.51 Kg each dairy cow and milk specific gravity increase 0.0014, which has significant difference compared with control group (P<0.01).3. In control group under heat stress, [K+] in dairy cow serum increases 1.3 mmol/L (P<0.05), [Na+] raises 5.17 mmol/L (P>0.05), [Cl-] raises 2.54 mmol/L (P<0.05), plasma CO2CP increase 1.79mmol/L compared with non-heat stress state, and serum pH decreases 0.143 (P<0.01). In curinggroup applying Re Chuan Ping, [K+] in serum raises 0.92 mmol/L (P<0.05) comparatively, [Na+] increases 0.54 mmol/L (P>0.05), [CY] raises 2.78 mmol/L (PO.05), plasma CO2CP only increases 0.23mmol/L and serum pH only decreases 0.002 (P>0.05). Applying medicine to cure dairy cow heat stress makes [K+] in dairy cow serum increase 0.38mmol/L (P>0.05) , makes [Na-] raise 5.71mmol/L (P>0.05), makes [Cl-] increase 0.24mmol/L, makes plasma CO2CP decrease 1.56 mmol/L, and makes serum pH increase 0.141, which has no significant difference compared with heat stress prophase (P>0.05).4.Dairy cow affected by heat stress in control group, TP in serum reduce 8.48 g/L (P<0.01), ALB lessen 1.89 g/L (P>0.05), G decrease 6.81 g/L (P<0.01), and IgG increase 0.11 g/L (P>0.05). In test group, cow serum TP decrease 6.72 g/L (P>0.05), but it has no significance with control group (P<0.05), ALB decrease 2.07 g/L (P>0.05), G decrease 4.46 g/L (P>0.05), and IgG increase 0.24 g/L (P<0.05). Applying medicine to cure heat stress dairy cow makes TP in serum increase 1.76 g/L, makes G increase 2.35 g/L and makes IgG increase 0.13g/L.5.In control g更多还原