【作者】 武杰；

【导师】 李加纳；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 甘蓝型黄籽油菜与其相同遗传背景下的黑籽油菜相比具有含油量高、蛋白质含量高、皮壳率低、饼粕饲用价值高等一系列优点。因此，甘蓝型黄籽油菜的遗传研究及其相应的品种选育己越来越受到国内外油菜育种工作者的高度重视，选育优质甘蓝型黄籽油菜已成为当前油菜育种家的主攻目标之一。 本论文首次运用四因素五水平二次正交旋转组合设计，以甘蓝型黄籽油菜的三大营养元素氮、磷、钾和最重要的微量元素硼作为决策变量，以甘蓝型黄籽油菜杂交品种渝黄一号为材料，研究土壤营养对甘蓝型黄籽油菜产量和品质性状的影响效果。并探讨了土壤营养影响甘蓝型黄籽油菜产量和品质性状形成的机理，得到以下结论： 1．根据试验结果，在肥力水平较高的稻田中，氮、磷、硼对甘蓝型黄籽油菜产量的影响达到显著正效应，其效应曲线呈开口向下的抛物线形，当氮、磷、硼的施用量分别在187.5kg/ha、112.5kg/ha和7.5kg/ha以下时，产量随着氮、磷、硼施用量的增加而增加，超过这个限度，随着施用量的增加产量会逐渐下降。在本试验所处条件下，钾对产量的影响不显著，但和氮有显著的交互效应。 2．氮、磷、钾、硼四大肥力因子对含油量均有较大影响．在本试验水平下，种子含油量和胚含油量都随着施氮量的增加而降低；皮壳含油量在氮用量较低时随着施氮量的增加而增加，超过一定水平(150kg/ha)又会随着施氮量的增加而降低。磷的施用有一个度的问题，当磷的施用量在90kg/ha以下时，种子含油量和皮壳含油量随着施磷量的增加呈上升趋势，超过这个限度则呈下降趋势；当施磷量在67.5 kg/ha以下时，胚含油量随着施磷量的增加而增加，超过这个限度则随着施磷量的增加而降低。钾有提高种子含油量的作用；硼有提高种子含油量和胚含油量的作用：当钾、硼分别90kg/ha和7.5kg/ha以下时，皮壳含油量有上升趋势，超过此水平有下降的趋势。磷素与氮素、硼素都有显著的交互效应。 3．本试验中，饼粕蛋白质含量随着施氮量、施硼量的增加而增加；当施磷量在90kg/ha以下时，饼粕蛋白质含量随着施磷量的增加而降低，超过这个水平，又会随着施磷量的增加而升高：饼粕蛋白质含量受钾的影响很小。硼素与磷素、钾素有显著的交互效应。 4．对于高产、高含油量和高蛋白质含量的生产要求来说，本试验的最佳施肥方案为：氮素150kg/ha，磷素90kg/ha，钾素112.50kg/ha，硼素7.50kg/ha。 5．对甘蓝型黄籽油菜种皮色泽的研究结果显示，在氮、磷、钾、硼四种营养元素中氮素对甘蓝型黄籽油菜籽粒颜色的影响比较大。适当的增施氮可以降低籽粒成熟过程中种皮的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性和酪氨酸酶活性，相应的种皮的花色素和黑色素的含量也较低，最后的成熟籽粒种皮色泽比较浅。经偏相关分析，籽粒色泽和种皮的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、酪氨酸酶有明显的正相关性(偏相关系数分别为r=0.530和r=0.554)。 6．对甘蓝型黄籽油菜碳水化合物代谢的研究结果显示，适量的增施氮、钾和硼可以明显提高籽粒的蔗糖合成酶活性。籽粒的蔗糖合成酶活性高，可以提高产量：经过偏相关分析，产量和籽粒的蔗糖合成酶活性有极显著的正相关性(偏相关系数为r=0.939~**)。 7．对甘蓝型黄籽油菜氮代谢的研究结果显示，增施氮、磷、钾可以提高籽粒和果壳的谷西南农业大学硕士学位论文摘要氨酞胺合成酶活性，增施硼可以提高籽粒的谷氨酞胺合成酶活性，籽粒和果壳的谷氨酞胺合成酶活性高，成熟后饼粕蛋白质含量高。经偏相关分析，饼粕蛋白质含量和籽粒的谷氨酞胺合成酶有极显著的正相关性(偏相关系数为二0.852”. 5.对甘蓝型黄籽油菜脂肪代谢的研究结果显示，增施氮会降低籽粒的磷脂酸磷酸酷酶活性，适当的施磷量或增施钾都可以提高籽粒的磷脂酸磷酸酷酶活性。磷脂酸磷酸酷酶活性高，种子含油量高;磷脂酸磷酸酷酶活性低，种子含油量也低。根据相关分析的结果可知，种子含油量和籽粒的磷脂酸磷酸酷酶有一定的正相关性(偏关系数为二0.627)。 因此，甘蓝型黄籽油菜种皮的苯丙氨酸解氨酶、酪氨酸酶和油菜籽粒的蔗糖合成酶、磷脂酸磷酸醋酶、谷氨酞胺合成酶活性可作为生化指标进行育种选择，有利于选育出高产、高含油量、高蛋白质含量的“三高”优质高效甘蓝型黄籽杂交油菜品种。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the same genetic background, comparing with black-seeded rapeseed, yellow-seeded rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) has more advantages, such as, higher oil content, higher protein content, lower hull percentage and more valuable as feedstuff. The breeding of yellow-seeded rapeseed has attract more and more scientist’s attention all over the world, and breeding high grade yellow-seeded rapeseed {Brassica napus L.) has become one of the most important task of scientists in this field.By taking the primary nutrition elements (N, P, K) and boron, the most important microelement, as the decision factor, and choosing the YuHuang-NO.1 as test material, this essays is the first which using regression method of orthogonal gyration combination with four factors to analyze the influence on production and quality of yellow-seeded rapeseed by the different nutrition plan. Except that, the mechanism of how dose nutrition affect production and quality characters of yellow-seeded rapeseed is also studied.Through the research, get the conclusions below:1. The experiment result show that, in the high nutritious fields, the affection act on yellow-seeded rapeseed by primary nutrition (N, P, B) take positive effect, and present a downward bent effective curve; When the amount of nutrition (N, P, B) applied under the level of 187.5klg/ha, 112.5kg/ha and 7.5kg/ha respectively, the production will rise with the amount of the nutrition, but when exceed the limitation, the production will decrease conversely. Kalium nutrition affects production insignificantly, but takes on significant interactive effect with nitrogen nutrition.2. The four primary nutrition elements (N, P, K and B) are all contribute greatly to the oil content. On this experiment condition, the oil content of seed and embryo are brought down with the applying nitrogen fertilizer; Oil content of hull will increase along with adding nitrogen fertilizer, but when the amount exceed a special level (150kg/ha), the oil content will decreased conversely. The usage of phosphor nutrition also has a range. When it below 90kg/ha, the oil content of seed embryo and hull are presented incremental tendency, but will tend to drop down when over the limit. When the usage of phosphor nutrition under the level of 67.5kg/ha, the oil content of embryo will increase with the using of phosphor, but change to decrease once cross over the limit. Kalium nutrition can increase the oil content of seed, and Boron can increase the oilcontent of seed and embryo both; When the content of Kalium and Boron below the level of 90kg/ha and 7.5kg/ha respectively, then oil content of hull will show incremental tendency, and convert to show decreasing tendency when goes over the level.3. In this experiment, it shows that the protein content increased with the rising usage of nitrogen and boron fertilizer; When under the level of 90kg/ha, the protein content will decrease with the increment of phosphor fertilizer, once exceed this limit, the protein content will increase. The protein content is affected lightly by kalium. Moreover, the interactive effect between boron, phosphor and kalium affect the protein content greatly.4. For getting the harvest of high production, high oil and high protein content, this experiment propose a optimization fertilization plan: nitrogen fertilizer 150kg/ha, phosphor fertilizer 90kg/ha, kalium fertilizer 112.59kg/ka, boron fertilizer 7.50kg/ka5. After researching the color of seed coat of yellow-seed rapeseed, the experimental result show that the nitrogen element do more contribution to the seed color of yellow-seed rapeseed than nitrogen, phosphor and kalium. It also show that apply proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer can decrease the activites of PAL and Tyrosinase during the growing period, accordingly, the anthocyanidin and melanin content of seed coat are very low, and the color of ripe seed is lighter. By the way of partial correlation analysis, it proved that the color of seed coat is positively correlated with the PAL and Tyrosinase activite更多还原