【作者】 马小娟；

【导师】 魏淑萍；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 科学社会主义与国际共产主义运动， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 公共政策是政治系统输出的主要内容之一，政府对社会经济和政治发展的宏观调控正是通过各项公共政策的有效执行实现的。然而，在现实生活中，公共政策执行偏差的现象却时有发生，这使公共政策目标落空，政策问题得不到有效的解决，政府的形象受损，甚至会对一个国家的社会经济发展和政治稳定造成巨大的负面影响。本文将以我国的基本国情为出发点，在对现阶段政策执行偏差现象进行归纳总结的基础上，重点从“主体”和“制度”两个方面入手，分析其成因，探求其对策，以期为我国未来的公共政策执行提供力所能及的参考。 本文第—部分对公共政策和公共政策执行的概念做出界定，并且指出了公共政策执行的重要性和复杂性，而后对公共政策执行偏差的表现和特点进行了论述。 本文第二部分从主体和制度两个层面对公共政策执行偏差产生的原因加以分析。从主体上讲，政策执行者的认知不足、利益驱使、方法欠妥、沟通协调不当和目标团体对政策制定权威、政策执行者的不信任以及自身心理承受能力的限制都可能导致公共政策执行偏差。从制度上讲，权力划分和配置制度、干部管理制度和监督制度等方面的不规范和不完善均为公共政策执行偏差的重要成因。 本文第三部分针对第二部分分析的问题提出了相应的防治对策。对政策执行者而言，主要是通过加强学习和教育增强政策认知，同时要注意改进方法，搞好沟通和协调；对目标团体而言，主要是在正确认知的基础上增强政策认同，强化政治社会化功能和改进政府形象可以有效增进目标团体对政策的认同。在制度建设方面，本文主要从改进行政职权配置、完善干部管理和强化监督三个方面加以论述。更多还原

【Abstract】 Public policy is one of main outputs of the political system. It is through the effective policy implementation that the government macro-regulations on social development are made. However, the phenomenon of public policy implementation deviation can be seen from time to time, which makes public policy goal come to nothing, damages the image of the government and even has a great negative influence on economic and political development of a country. Based on the reality of China, this paper begins with summing up the main forms and characteristics of PPID, and then analyzes the reasons, pursues the countermeasures from two aspects of the subject and the system.The first part of this paper defines the concepts of public policy and public policy implementation, analyzes the importance and complexity of policy implementation, and sums up the main forms and characteristics of PPID.The second part of this paper discusses the reasons from two aspects of the subject and the system. In terms of subjects, the implementers’ wrong recognition, benefit urging, inappropriate methods and unsuitable communication and coordination can lead to PPED; At the same time, if target groups’ do not trust the policy making authorities and implementer, PPED may be caused; Whats more, the limit of psychological bearing ability of target groups is also a important factor. In terms of systems, the reasons include the non-standardization and imperfection of vertical power, horizontal power, personnel management and supervision.The third part of this paper puts forward the countermeasures of prevention and remedy. For implementers, they should pay more attention to studying. Meanwhile, method improvement and better communication and coordination are essential. For target groups, it is needed to strengthen policy identification. Two effective ways are reinforcing political socialization function and enhancing government image. As far as system construction is concerned, this paper points out that we should improve administrative power disposition, perfect personnel management and reinforce supervision.更多还原