【作者】 白杨敏；

【导师】 张志耀；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 农业是是国民经济的基础。我国是一个农业大国，但不是一个农业强国。改革开放二十多年，我国的农业生产取得了巨大的成绩，以联产承包责任制为代表的一系列政策改革，伴随农业技术的进步，极大地激发了农民的生产积极性，促进了我国农业生产的快速发展。目前，我国农业已解决了农业产品短缺问题，完成了农产品数量上的生产过程，为国民经济的健康发展奠定了坚实的基础。但是，我国的农业技术和产品质量与世界先进水平还存在巨大的落差，表现为生产技术落后、产品质量不高、产品过剩和短缺并存等现象。特别是WTO的市场框架下，面对全球的农业市场，我国的农业如何发展，关系到我国全面小康社会建设的成败、农业安全和经济基础的稳定。利用当前活跃的信息技术，即智能化农业技术，促进农业生产的技术升级，逐步实现我国农业生产的内涵式发展，能够有效的提高我国农业的整体技术水平和产业竞争力。 我国是智能化农业专家系统研究起步较早的国家。早在上世纪80年代，智能化技术的萌芽就在江淮大地上产生。我国在农业专家系统的理论和应用上进行了许多有益的探索和实践。经过近10年的研究和开发，到上世纪末，在国家科技部和“863-306”课题组的支持下，全国各地都展开了农业专家系统的重点示范应用工作。目前，示范应用区已经扩展到全国19个省，示范区达23个。由于农业生产的经济条件、自然条件和社会条件的差异，各示范区根据其自身特点，因地制宜地进行了积极的开发和应用工作，取得了显著的效果。本文首先根据农业信息化的含义和研究范畴，分析构建了智能化农业专家系统的结构、功能、开发方法，总结了国内外智能化农业专家系统理论研究和实践应用中的经验教训，并以国家智能化农业示范工程“863-11”为背景，通过对示范区开发和应用过程的调查和分析，总结概括智能化农业示范工程的经验和教训，提出了在不同的农业生产环境和条件下，智能化农业的研究和应用推广模式和方式，例如“国营农场+家庭农场”、“龙头涉农企业+政府+农户”、“政府+农业技术推广站+农户”等模式，分析了每种模式的适用范围、推广特色和优势，并对示范应用中出现的问题及解决方法进行了探讨，对我国农业专家系统研究和应用具有一定的理论和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Agriculture is the base of the national economic. Since the reform and opening policy carried out, Chinese agriculture has been well developed in past 20 years. Managemental method reforms such as application of cooperative contacting & liability productive system, accompanied by the advancement of agricultural technique and equipments, which both inspire the peasant’ enthusiasm, accelerate the development of the agriculture. Agricultural production shortage problem has been resolved in china by now, and a new agricultural quantitative productive pattern is also formed, which guarantees the national economic going up healthily. However, compared with the advance agriculture productive patterns, China is still laid behind, such as; outdate technique means, low product quality and coexisting of relative overplus and shortage outputs. After affiliating to the WTO, facing the worldwide competitions, how to develop the agriculture production is the key to construct Xiaokang society, secure national agriculture and stable the economic basis. By using information technique, i.e. intelligent agricultural techniques, agriculture can be guide to qualitative development mode with an improved overall technical level and competitive edge.China is one of the pioneering countries in the study the intelligent agriculture expert system. It began as early as I980s’.since then; much research work and trial applications have been done. In 1990s’, sponsored by national science and technology agency and "863-306" project group, most provinces have carried out the demonstration and application research of intelligent agriculture expert system. Today 23 demonstrating and application areas are covered 19 provinces. Because of the different regional natural, economic and social conditions, no two demonstrating modes selected by them are same. Based on the definition and research category of agricultural information, this paper analyzes and designs the structure, function and the developmental method of agricultural expert system, summarizes the previous successful experiences and its disadvantages both abroad and home. On the ground of investigating and analyzing the practicing process of national intelligent agricultural demonstrating project "863-11", the essay also raises the several different demonstrating and application modes under the different agricultural productive and technical conditions, such modes as "state farm +family farm", "agriculture related enterprise + government + fanner", "national technique spreading system+government+farmer", analyses the applying conditions of every mode. Finally, the essay also discusses the deficiency existed in practical demonstrating experience and its countermeasures, and provides theoretic and practical guide for further development..更多还原