【作者】 王建华；

【导师】 王洪荣；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以系统动物营养学的思维方法，运用瘤胃调控技术，抓住反刍动物特殊的生理和消化特点，研制出针对反刍动物的营养调控性饲料产品-瘤胃保护性氨基酸（RPAA）。作者综述了国内外反刍动物限制性氨基酸的研究现状，过瘤胃技术的应用以及瘤胃保护性氨基酸的意义、研究现状和应用效果，并进行了如下试验研究。本论文试验研究共分为两个部分第一部分 瘤胃保护性氨基酸产品的制备及其稳定性检验的研究试验1 瘤胃保护性氨基酸产品的制备选用硬脂酸，羟丙甲纤维素、明胶、苯丁吡胶乳、丙烯酸树脂五种材料，采用侧喷和底喷流化床包衣工艺对饲料级DL-蛋氨酸（DL-Met）和L-赖氨酸盐酸盐（L-LysHCl）进行包被，针对不同的芯材和壁材确定其最佳的包衣工艺和参数。本试验制得RPMet产品四种：Met-A、Met-B、Met-C和Met-D，RPLys产品两种：Lys-A，Lys-B。结果表明：采用侧喷流化床工艺要优于底喷流化床工艺，壁材采用硬脂酸包衣具有时间短、效率较高、制粒均匀等优点。试验2 瘤胃保护性氨基酸稳定性检验的研究 采用体外法和半体内法（人工唾液、pH6.6缓冲溶液、pH5.4缓冲溶液和，pH2.4缓冲溶液和瘤胃尼龙袋法）模拟反刍动物消化道生理特点检验所制备的RPAA产品的稳定性和释放率。试验结果表明：RPAA的稳定性不仅与包衣材料有关，而且与瘤胃滞留时间长短等有密切关系。采用不溶于水的壁材硬脂酸、丁苯吡胶乳和丙烯酸树脂包衣稳定性较水溶性壁材羟丙甲纤维素和明胶好。第二部分 瘤胃保护性氨基酸对内蒙古白绒山羊氮消化代谢影响的研究 试验3　瘤胃保护性氨基酸在内蒙古白绒山羊消化道不同部位的流通、消化和利用的研究选用9只健康的内蒙古白绒山羊，安装永久性瘤胃瘘管、十二指肠近端瘘管和回肠末端瘘管。实验动物分成三组，即保护性氨基酸组（A组）, 常规氨基酸组（B组），对照组（C组）。每组三只， 单笼饲养，每日两次喂料，自由饮水。预饲期15天，实验期10天。试验日粮采用玉米-豆粕型日粮，1.2倍维持需要，设计三组日粮粗蛋白水平相同。通过Co-EDTA连续灌注技<WP=3>术测定十二指肠和回肠食糜流通量，并计算小肠食糜中氨基酸的表观消化率和消失量。结果表明：基础日粮中添加瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸（RPMet）和瘤胃保护性赖氨酸（RPLys）显著地增加试验羊的干物质采食量（DMI）（P<0.05），并提高小肠EAA和TAA的表观消失量和表观消化率（P>.05）。试验4　瘤胃保护性氨基酸对内蒙古白绒山羊氮消化代谢影响的研究本试验动物分组和饲养管理同试验3。通过全收粪尿法研究基础日粮在相同蛋白质水平条件下，添加RPMet和RPLys对反刍动物氮消化代谢的影响。结果表明：试验羊基础日粮中添加RPMet和RPLys显著地增加试验羊氮的进食量（P<0.05），提高氮的沉积（P>.05），并有降低UUN的排出量的趋势（P>.05）。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper developed a technique for preparation of rumen protected amino acid (RPAA) products, and evaluated availability of the RPAA products by in vitro and in situ trails, and meanwhile effect of RPAA on nitrogen metabolism in Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goats (abbreviated IMWCG following) was studied.Part 1　Study on preparation of rumen protected amino acid products and evaluation of RPAA availability in the productsExp.1 Preparation of rumen protected amino acid productsFeed grade DL-Methionine and L-Lysine monohydrochloride (L-LysHCl) were encapsulated with different materials in wurster fluid-bed by spraying drying or cooling. Methionine was coated with stearic acid (Met-A), with crylic acid colophony (Met-B); with Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose (Met-C); with pH-sensitive ploymer (Met-D), respectively. Lysine was coated with stearic acid (Lys-A) or with glutin (Lysine-B). The result showed that tangential-spray coating technique was better than bottom-spray coating for DL-Methionine ，L-LysHCl, Met-A and Lys-A coated with stearic acids had a higher application efficacy than other coating materials.Exp.2 Evaluation of RPAA availability in the products by in vitro and the ruminal in situ techniquesIn vitro and the ruminal in situ techniques to simulate ruminant digestive tract(e.g. prerumen, rumen, abomasum)were used to identify the stability of the rumen-protected methionine (RPMet) and rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) in the prerumen and rumen of IMWCG, and its digestibility in the abomasum or duodenum. The coated amino acids were incubated for 2,4,8,12,16 and 24h in the artificial saliva、pH 6.6、5.4 citrate buffer liquid (to mimic prereminal condition), nylon bag in the rumen, and pH 2.4 citrate buffer liquid(to mimic postruminal condition). Results showed that Met-A consisted of DL-Methionine cores encapsulated with stearic acids and Lys-A consisted of L-LysHCl <WP=5>encapsulated with stearic acids relatively had a better stability in the artificial saliva, pH 6.6、5.4 citrate buffer liquid, by in situ trail and higher disappearance in pH 2.4 citrate buffer liquid than Met-B and Met-D. The lowest stability by in vitro trail was observed for the Methionine supplement coated with Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (Met-C) and for the lysine coated with glutin (Lysine-B). Part 2 Effect of RPAA products on amino acids fluxes and digestibility in the small intestine and nitrogen metabolism in Inner Mongolia White Cashmere GoatsExp.1 Effect of RPAA products on amino acids fluxes and digestibility in the small intestine of IMWCGNine growing wethers of IMWCG with the same father, fitted with permanent cannula at the rumen, T-shape cannula at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum were used to investigate amino acids fluxes and digestibilities in different sites of the digestive tract of IMWCG fed the corn-soybean diet. The experimental goats were divided into three group in a free random block design as follow: Rumen protected amino acids group (A group), Normal amino acids group(B group), and Control group(C group).The experimental goats were fed diet with the same nitrogen level of a diet consisted of hay(70%), corn(19.65%),and soybean meal(4.5%). Co-EDTA was used as ruminal indigestible markers by in vivo trail to determine fluxes, profiles, and digestibility of amino acids at different sites of the small intestine of the goats.The results showed that the inclusion of RPMet and RPLys in the diet increased significantly DMI of the goats (p<0.05), and had a trend for a small increase of digestibility and disappearance of essential and total amino acids in the small intestine of IMWCG(p>0.05). Exp.2 Effect of RPAA products on nitrogen metabolism in IMWCGNine growing wethers of IMWCG with the same father, fitted with permanent cannula at the rumen, T-shape cannula at the proximal duodenum and terminal ileum and fed the basal diet supplemented with ruminally protected Met (RPMet) and Lys (RPLys), or with an unprotected form. Total collection of feces and urine was performed every 24h for 5d, to inv更多还原