【作者】 王月华；

【导师】 于卓；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 利用形态学、细胞学、同工酶电泳等方法或技术，研究了蒙古冰草与航道冰草种间杂种F₃及F₄ 11个株系的农艺性状表现、育性恢复程度和遗传差异性。结果表明：①F₃生长日数为217d，生长速度较快；F₄株系1～7和9～10的生长日数为174d，株系8、11为176d，生长速度以株系1、7、8、9较快，株系3较慢，其余6个株系居中。②F₃平均株高73.30cm，单株分蘗数82.92个，穗型变异小于F₂代；F₄ 11个株系的平均株高65.79cm，各株系的分蘗能力差异较大。株系1、5、6、7的分蘗能力很强，单株分蘖总数在100个以上，偏向父本；株系9、10分蘗能力较弱，单株分蘗总数分别为36.22和34.00个，偏向母本；株系2、4、8分蘗能力居中。F₄各株系穗型变异相对较小。③F₃花粉可育率为66.59％，结实率为28.07％；F₄花粉可育率较高，株系1、2、4、5、9在82％左右，株系3、6、7、10在78％左右，株系8、11在73％左右；株系4、8、10、11的结实率为58％左右，株系1、2、5为46％左右，株系3、6、7、9为38％左右。④F₃PMCMⅠ平均染色体配对构型为0.23Ⅰ+6.88Ⅱ；F₄ 11个株系的二价体频率均很高，变幅为6.95～6.99，单价体频率很低，变幅为0.02～0.05，株系6、9含有极少量的B染色体。⑤在相同或不同生育阶段，各供试材料的EST、POD、SOD3种同工酶酶带表型差异较大，不同的酶带表征可作为亲本及F₄ 11个株系在蛋白质分子水平识别的遗传标记；对13个材料聚类分析划分为6类。上述结果可为冰草新品系的选育利用提供理论依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The genetic differences, agronomic characters and fertility recovering of hybrids F3 and 11 lines of F4 were studied through morphology, cytology and isozyme electrophoresis. The main results were as follows:(1) The growing days of hybrids F3 were 217 days, growth rate was faster relatively. The growing days of line 1 to 7 and line 9 to 10 of F4 were 174 days, line 8 and 11 were 176 days the growth rate of line 1, 2, 8 and 9 were faster relatively, line 3 was slower and the rest of 6 lines were in the middle of parents.(2) The average plant height of hybrid F3 was 73.30cm, tiller number of individuals was 82.92; ear type of hybrids F3 was steady compared with F2. The average plant height of 11 lines of F4 were 65.79cm, the tiller ability was distinctive, line 1, 5, 6 and 7 were higher in tiller number, total tiller number of individuals was over 100 and tended toward father; line 9, 10 were lower in tiller number, total tiller number of individuals were respectively 36.22 and 34.00; the tiller ability of line 2, 4 and 8 was in the middle, ear type variation of 11 lines of F4 was steady relatively.(3) The pollen fertility rate of hybrid F3 was 66.59%, and the seed set was 28.07 . The pollen fertility of 11 lines of F4 were higher, the pollen fertility rate of line 1, 2, 4, 5 and 9 was about 82%, line 3, 6, 7 and 10 was about 78%, line 7 and 8 was about 73%; the seed set of line 4, 8, 10 and 11 was about 58%, line 1, 2 and 5 was about 46%, line 3, 6, 7 and 9 was about 38%.(4) The average chromosome pairing configuration at metaphase I in pollen mother cell of F3 was 0.23 I +6.88 II; bivalent frequency of 11 lines of F4 was high ranging from 6.95 to 6.99, the univalent frequency was low ranging from 0.02 to 0.05. there was a few B chromosomes in line 6 and 9.(5) There were great differences in band phenotypes of POD EST and SOD isozymes at different developing stages. Isozyme band phenotype can be used as genetic marker in protein level to identify F3 and 11 lines of F4. Cluster analysis showed that 13 tested plant materals were divided into 6 groups.The above results can be used as theory foundation for breeding new cultivars of crested wheatgrass.更多还原