【作者】 朱英刚；

【导师】 赵新强；

【作者基本信息】 河北工业大学 ， 化学工艺， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 自行设计了动态吸附实验装置，并对其性能进行了考核。结果表明，该装置符合实验要求。 系统研究了从干气中分离乙烯所需预处理吸附剂和乙烯吸附剂。采用动态吸附实验装置以干气为原料气对预处理吸附剂进行了研究，发现承德果壳炭性能较好。对于乙烯吸附剂，首先研究了硅胶负载硝酸银吸附剂，发现采用具有较大比表面和较小孔径的GSA硅胶载体有利于提高吸附剂性能。然后研究了分子筛负载CuCl型吸附剂，用三种制备方法分别制备了不同负载量的分子筛负载CuCl型吸附剂，并采用BET、XRD和XPS等技术进行了表征，发现采用浸渍法制备的母体与载体质量比为0.22：1的CuCl/4A吸附剂性能较好。系统研究了Cu型活性炭吸附剂，并进行了结构性能表征，发现承德果壳炭性能较好，适合于作为载体使用；母体则采用氯化亚铜效果最好，氯化铜次之，其它铜盐效果很差。确定了以氯化亚铜作为母体时的较佳制备条件。由于CuCl₂价格便宜，且CuCl₂/活性炭吸附剂与CuCl/活性炭吸附剂性能接近，故采用CuCl₂替代CuCl；此外，用30％硝酸对活性炭进行改性和加入过渡金属型第二离子，均能改善吸附性能。寿命实验表明，CuCl₂-La（NO₃）₃/活性炭（硝酸氧化）吸附剂初次使用并经脱附后的吸附性能比新鲜吸附剂更好，而且再经5次使用，性能几乎不变。对比实验表明，同样以30％硝酸氧化的承德果壳炭为载体，硝酸银与氯化铜相比，分离因数较高，但乙烯吸附量稍低；而在同样的硝酸银负载量情况下，与活性炭相比，以硅胶作载体时吸附剂性能更佳。 研究了纯乙烯和二元混合气中乙烯在CuCl₂-La（NO₃）₃/活性炭（硝酸氧化）吸附剂上的吸附行为。发现乙烯穿透曲线陡峭程度均很大，并随压力的增加而不断后移：其吸附等温线属优惠型并用Langmuir方程进行了拟合。 首次研究了采用吸附分离法从液化石油气中分离丙烯。首先确定了二级吸附分离工艺。然后筛选了合适的预处理吸附剂，发现TAC4.0和用0.8％铜离子改性的HAC1.5的预处理性能较好。然后研究了丙烯吸附剂，发现银离子负载量为15.4％的GSB硅胶负载AgNO₃，吸附剂具有良好的分离丙烯能力，研究了丙烯在该吸附剂上的吸附行为并用Langmuir方程拟合了其吸附等温线。更多还原

【Abstract】 A dynamic adsorption apparatus was designed and its behaviour was tested. The result shows that it can meet the needs of experiment.A systematic research into adsorbents used for separating ethylene from fluid catalytic cracking(FCC) dry gas was made. The dynamic adsorption apparatus was used to select adsorbents for pretreatment by utilizing FCC dry gas. Experimental result shows that pericarp activated carbon made in Chengde was more excellent. Adsorbents used for separating ethylene were investigated subsequently. Firstly, as for AgNO3/SiO2 adsorbents, GSA silica gel with bigger specific surface area and less average pore size was found to be a better support. Secondly, as for CuCl/ zeolite adsorbents, they were prepared from three different methods and characterized by BET, XRD and XPS. The result shows that 0.22 CuCl/4A adsorbent exhibits superior properties. Thirdly, Cu-based activated carbon adsorbents were systemically investigated, some of which were characterized by BET and XRD. The pericarp activated carbon(AC) made in Chengde was found to be a better support either. The best precursor was CuCl and the second was CuCl2. The suitable preparation conditions using CuCl as the precursor were determined. Because of a lower price and similar performance of CuCl2/AC to CuCl/AC, CuCl2 could be used to replace CuCl as precursor. Furthermore, it was proved that either surface modification of AC by 30% HNO3 or introduction of the second cation could improve the performance of the adsorbents. In addition, the performance of CuCl2-La(NO3)3/AC(modified by 30% HNO3) was improved after the first regeneration, then kept almost constant even after reused for five times. Comparative experiment testified that AgNO3 was better than CuCl2, if supported on the same AC modified by 30% HNO3, while silica gel was better than AC modified by 30% HNO3 as a support, if loaded with the same amount of AgNO3.The adsorptive behavior of ethylene (pure ethylene and ethylene in binary mixture gas) over CuCl2 -La(NO3)3/AC(modified by 30% HNO3) was studied. Breakthrough curves of ethylene were all steep, and moved backwards gradually along with the increase of operation pressure.And the adsorption balance isotherms of ethylene could be fitted by Langmuir equation.Separation of propylene from liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) by adsorption was researched for the first time. Firstly, separation process with two steps was adopted. Secondly, the adsorbents for pretreatment were selected. Activated carbon(TAC4.0) and activated carbon(HAC1.5) supported with 0.8% Cu2+ showed good performance. Thirdly, adsorbents used for separating propylene were studied, and AgNO3/SiO2 with 15.4% Ag+ load showed superior adsorption properties. The adsorptive behavior of propylene was studied and it’s adsorption balance isotherm was fitted by Langmuir equation either.更多还原